Llewellyn, G., McConnell, D., Honey, A., Mayes, R., & Russo, D. (2003). Promoting health and home safety for children of parents with intellectual disability: A randomized controlled trial. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 24(6), 405-431.
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion |
|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Reassignment | Confounding factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate | Randomized controlled trial | Not applicable | Established on race/ethnicity and SES | Yes | None |
| Study participants | Parents eligible to participate in the study (1) were the primary caretakers of children younger than 5 years of age, (2) spoke English as their first language, and (3) had an intellectual disability. A total of 63 parents from 57 families were recruited; of these, 45 parents from 40 families completed the project. The authors categorized the sample as follows: 82 percent of the parents were from an English-speaking background, 13 percent were from a culturally and linguistically diverse background, and 5 percent were Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders. |
|---|---|
| Setting | Sydney, Australia |
| Intervention services | The authors called this adaptation of SafeCare the Home Learning Project (HLP). The HLP was adapted from the UCLA Parent-Child Health and Wellness Project for the Australian context (e.g., language was changed to reflect Australian usage). The goal of the intervention was to equip parents of young children with the knowledge and skills necessary for managing home dangers, accidents, and childhood illnesses. The HLP consisted of 10 lessons, delivered by a trained parent educator in a one-on-one situation in the parent's home. The lessons lasted 60 to 90 minutes and occurred over a 10- to 12-week period. |
| Comparison conditions | The research design permitted all parents to receive the HLP in a staggered sequence. Initially, each parent was randomly allocated to one of three groups. However, a fourth group was created of parents who were referred late and would not have been able to complete the staggered sequence. During the first intervention phase, Group 1 (n = 20) received the full HLP intervention. Group 2 (n = 11) received home visits but no parent education. Groups 3 and 4 (n = 10 and n = 4, respectively) received business-as-usual services in this phase. Assessment 2 occurred after the first intervention phase. During the second intervention phase, Group 2 received HLP, Group 3 received lesson booklets only, and Group 4 received HLP. Assessment 3 occurs after this phase. At this point, all groups had received some portion of the intervention. |
| Staff characteristics and training | The HLP adaptation of SafeCare was conducted by trained parent educators. |
| Funding sources | Best Practice Parenting Education Initiative of the Commonwealth Department of Family and Community Services and the NSW Ageing and Disability Department, August 1998 to November 2000. |
| Author affiliation | Not specified. |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate | Going to the doctor | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 2 | Assessment 2 | 31 families | Mean = 2.85 | Mean = 2.00 | Mean difference = 0.85 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.78 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Health comprehension | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 2 | Assessment 2 | 31 families | Mean = 5.10 | Mean = 4.91 | Mean difference = 0.19 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.16 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Home Illustrations—Dangers | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 2 | Assessment 2 | 31 families | Mean = 76.25 | Mean = 54.82 | Mean difference = 21.43 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.65 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Home Illustrations—Precautions | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 2 | Assessment 2 | 31 families | Mean = 78.85 | Mean = 48.91 | Mean difference = 29.94 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.75 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Home Precautions | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 2 | Assessment 2 | 31 families | Mean = 60.35 | Mean = 48.73 | Mean difference = 11.62 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.60 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Illness and symptom recognition | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 2 | Assessment 2 | 31 families | Mean = 12.95 | Mean = 9.36 | Mean difference = 3.59 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.09 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Life threatening emergencies | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 2 | Assessment 2 | 31 families | Mean = 4.95 | Mean = 1.91 | Mean difference = 3.04 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.79 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Using medicine safely | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 2 | Assessment 2 | 31 families | Mean = 2.15 | Mean = 1.27 | Mean difference = 0.88 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.97 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Going to the doctor | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 3 | Assessment 2 | 30 families | Mean = 2.85 | Mean = 2.20 | Mean difference = 0.65 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.59 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Health comprehension | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 3 | Assessment 2 | 30 families | Mean = 5.10 | Mean = 5.80 | Mean difference = -0.70 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.71 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Home Illustrations—Dangers | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 3 | Assessment 2 | 30 families | Mean = 76.25 | Mean = 55.70 | Mean difference = 20.55 | HomeVEE calculated = 2.02 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Home Illustrations—Precautions | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 3 | Assessment 2 | 30 families | Mean = 78.85 | Mean = 47.10 | Mean difference = 31.75 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.91 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Home Precautions | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 3 | Assessment 2 | 30 families | Mean = 60.35 | Mean = 53.30 | Mean difference = 7.05 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.35 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Illness and symptom recognition | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 3 | Assessment 2 | 30 families | Mean = 12.95 | Mean = 10.80 | Mean difference = 2.15 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.62 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Life threatening emergencies | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 3 | Assessment 2 | 30 families | Mean = 4.95 | Mean = 3.00 | Mean difference = 1.95 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.98 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Using medicine safely | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 3 | Assessment 2 | 30 families | Mean = 2.15 | Mean = 1.00 | Mean difference = 1.15 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.30 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Going to the doctor | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 4 | Assessment 2 | 24 families | Mean = 2.85 | Mean = 1.75 | Mean difference = 1.10 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.92 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Health comprehension | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 4 | Assessment 2 | 24 families | Mean = 5.10 | Mean = 5.50 | Mean difference = -0.40 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.36 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Home Illustrations—Dangers | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 4 | Assessment 2 | 24 families | Mean = 76.25 | Mean = 57.33 | Mean difference = 18.92 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.50 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Home Illustrations—Precautions | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 4 | Assessment 2 | 24 families | Mean = 78.85 | Mean = 45.33 | Mean difference = 33.52 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.92 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Home Precautions | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 4 | Assessment 2 | 24 families | Mean = 60.35 | Mean = 45.67 | Mean difference = 14.68 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.67 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Illness and symptom recognition | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 4 | Assessment 2 | 24 families | Mean = 12.95 | Mean = 10.50 | Mean difference = 2.45 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.69 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Life threatening emergencies | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 4 | Assessment 2 | 24 families | Mean = 4.95 | Mean = 3.25 | Mean difference = 1.70 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.88 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Moderate | Using medicine safely | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Group 1 vs. Group 4 | Assessment 2 | 24 families | Mean = 2.15 | Mean = 1.75 | Mean difference = 0.40 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.46 | Not available | footnote89Author-reported statistics are derived from models controlling for baseline outcomes as required for a moderate rating. However, author-reported statistics cannot be reported separately for the comparisons of interest. Because of this lack of sufficient information, this outcome has been categorized as no effect. |
| Outcome measure | Description of measure | Data collection method | Properties of measure |
|---|---|---|---|
Going to the doctor |
Measures parent knowledge about when to go to the doctor, what to tell and ask the doctor. Scores ranging from 0 to 9 and represent the sum of 3 sub-scale scores related to calling the doctor, asking questions and following directions. Each sub-scale is scored on a scale of 0 to 3, where 0 indicates that less than 20 percent of answers were correct and a score of 3 indicates that 80 percent or more of answers were correct. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Cronbach’s α = 0.52 |
Health comprehension |
Measures parent knowledge of health related words and body parts. Scores range from 0 through to 6 and represent the sum of two-sub-scale scores: health related vocabulary and knowledge of body parts. Each sub-scale is scored on a scale of 0 to 3, where 0 indicates that less than 20 percent of answers were correct and a score of 3 indicates that 80 percent or more of answers were correct. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Cronbach’s α = 0.54 |
Home Illustrations—Dangers |
Count of the total number of dangers identified in pictures of six areas of the home (kitchen, bathroom, living room, stairs, bedroom and yard). Scores ranged from 0 to 104. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Cronbach’s α = 0.89 |
Home Illustrations—Precautions |
Count of the total number of precautions identified for dangers identified in pictures of six areas of the home (kitchen, bathroom, living room, stairs, bedroom and yard) |
Parent/caregiver report |
Cronbach’s α = 0.87 |
Home Precautions |
Scores represent the total number of precautions actually taken to deal with 114 possible dangers in and around the home related to the following: fire, electrical, cooking, poisons, inappropriate edibles, suffocation, heavy and sharp objects, firearms, clutter, dangerous toys, animals, outside and general dangers. |
Home assessment |
Cronbach’s α = 0.98 |
Illness and symptom recognition |
Measures parent knowledge about symptoms of illness, common child health problems, and practical tasks such as taking a child’s temperature. Scores range from 0 to 21 and represent the sum of 7 sub-scale scores related to recognizing symptoms of illness. Each sub-scale is scored on a scale of 0 to 3, where 0 indicates that less than 20 percent of answers were correct and a score of 3 indicates that 80 percent or more of answers were correct. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Cronbach’s α = 0.66 |
Life threatening emergencies |
Measures parent knowledge about life threatening emergencies, including causes, prevention, and appropriate response. Scores range from 0 to 12 and represent the sum of 4 sub-scale scores related to parent knowledge of and skills in responding to life threatening emergencies. Each sub-scale is scored on a scale of 0 to 3, where 0 indicates that less than 20% of answers were correct and a score of 3 indicates that 80% or more of answers were correct. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Cronbach’s α = 0.69 |
Using medicine safely |
Measures parent knowledge about prescription medication, how to use medicine safely, reading important information on medication labels, and following directions exactly. Scores range from 0 to 6 and represent the sum of two sub-scale scores related to asking questions about and using medicine safely. Each sub-scale is scored on a scale of 0 to 3, where 0 indicates that less than 20% of answers were correct and a score of 3 indicates that 80% or more of answers were correct. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Cronbach’s α = 0.45 |
