Roggman, L. A., & Cook, G. A. (2010). Attachment, aggression, and family risk in a low-income sample. Family Science, 1(3), 191-204. doi:10.1080/19424620.2010.567829
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion |
|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Reassignment | Confounding factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Randomized controlled trial | Low | Established on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status | None | None |
In 2020, HomVEE updated this review to move measures of physical punishment from the Reductions in Child Maltreatment domain to the Positive Parenting Practices domain because ACF determined that nonviolent discipline and corporal punishment outcomes belong in the Positive Parenting Practices domain, unless those outcome are assessed using the Conflict Tactics Scale-Parent/Child.
| Study participants | Study participants were mothers and children recruited to one local program as part of a national evaluation. The total study sample included approximately 160 low-income families (exact number depended on outcome and timing of data collection; the research sample averaged $10,000 or less annual income for a two-adult, two-child family). A quarter of mothers were teenagers, a third had not completed high school, and more than a third were Latina. |
|---|---|
| Setting | Not provided |
| Intervention services | One Early Head Start program participated in the study. That program offered enrolled families weekly home visits lasting approximately 90 minutes. Home visitors spent at least three-quarters of each visit facilitating mother-child interactions through planned activities to promote early child development. During the remainder of the visit, the home visitor provided information about early child development and ideas for activities for child leaning and for nonpunitive discipline. |
| Comparison conditions | Not provided |
| Staff characteristics and training | Not specified |
| Funding sources | The study was supported by grants from the Head Start Bureau for local research on EHS (90YF0004) and a subcontract with Mathematica Policy Research. |
| Author affiliation | None of the study authors are developers of this model. |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Child aggression (24 months) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
one site from larger EHS evaluation | 24 months | 167 | Not reported | Not reported | coeff = 0.06 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote152Higher score equals unfavorable; Note that this outcome controls for physical punishment at 24 months |
| High | Child aggression (36 months) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
one site from larger EHS evaluation | 36 months | 143 | Not reported | Not reported | coeff = 0.07 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote153Higher score equals unfavorable; Note that this outcome measures the incremental impact between 24 months and 36 months and also controls for aggression at 24 months) |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Physical punishment (24 months) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
one site from larger EHS evaluation | 24 months | 167 | Not reported | Not reported | coeff = 0.04 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote150High score equals unfavorable. |
| High | Physical punishment (36 months) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
one site from larger EHS evaluation | 36 months | 143 | Not reported | Not reported | coeff = -0.22 | Not available | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | footnote151Higher score equals unfavorable; Note that this outcome measures the incremental impact between 24 months and 36 months |
| Outcome measure | Description of measure | Data collection method | Properties of measure |
|---|---|---|---|
Child aggression |
For a 19-item subscale on aggression from the Child Behavior Checklist, the number of times a behavior was never true, true, or often true of the child | Parent/caregiver report | Cronbach's α = 0.85 |
| Outcome measure | Description of measure | Data collection method | Properties of measure |
|---|---|---|---|
Physical punishment |
Whether or not the child had been “spanked” in the last week, and if so, how many times |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not reported by author |
