Manuscript Detail | Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness

Chazan-Cohen, R., Raikes, H. H., & Vogel, C. (2013). V. Program subgroups: Patterns of impacts for home-based, center-based, and mixed-approach programs. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(1), 93-109.

Manuscript screening details
Screening decision	Screening conclusion	HomVEE procedures and standards version
Passes screens	Eligible for review	Version 1

Study design details
Rating	Design	Attrition	Baseline equivalence	Compromised randomization	Confounding factors	Valid, reliable measure(s)
High	Randomized controlled trial	Low	Established on race/ethnicity and SES; established on some relevant outcomes.	None	None	Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed before 2021

Notes:

In 2020, HomVEE updated the details of this review in the Reductions in Child Maltreatment domain in two ways. First, HomVEE removed the child witnessed violence finding from the Reductions in Child Maltreatment domain because it does not assess where (in the home or elsewhere) the child witnessed that violence and is therefore ineligible for review in this domain. Second, HomVEE moved measures of percent spanked last week from the Reductions in Child Maltreatment domain to the Positive Parenting Practices domain because ACF determined that nonviolent discipline and corporal punishment outcomes belong in the Positive Parenting Practices domain, unless those outcome are assessed using the Conflict Tactics Scale-Parent/Child.

footnote230

Although the authors do not control for baseline measures of outcomes, the following outcomes rate high: child outcomes, which were not assessable at baseline, and parent employment and income outcomes, which were equivalent at baseline. Two outcomes rate moderate because the authors do not establish baseline equivalence: "parent depression" and "someone in household had alcohol/drug problem in past year." This review reports only those outcomes not previously reported in Love et al. (2001, 2002). Note that this manuscript reports both ITT and TOT estimates, but only ITT estimates are reported here.

Study characteristics
Study participants	This study relies on data from a randomized controlled trial of 17 Early Head Start (EHS) programs that began in 1995. Seven of the programs served clients through a home-based option (though other clients in other EHS options also received home visits) and are the focus of this report (EHS-HBO). The study randomly assigned 1,385 families, who applied to those seven programs, either to receive home-based EHS or a comparison condition. This study included outcomes reported for the 5-year-old follow-up (other years of follow-up are reported in separate studies). For this follow-up, 927 parents (479 in EHS-HBO and 448 in the comparison group) provided data for parent interviews.
Setting	The study was conducted in 17 EHS programs throughout the United States, including seven programs with home-based options, which are the focus of this report. Four programs were located in urban areas and three programs were located in rural areas. The seven programs represented a mix of implementation timing; one early implementer had all EHS-HBO elements in place by 1997, and three later implementers had all elements in place by 1999; three programs did not have all elements in place by 1999. The early-implementing program had fully implemented both child and family development services early and continued to have those services in place in 1999.
Intervention services	EHS-HBO services are intended to be delivered to families via weekly home visits. Seventy percent of families in these programs received weekly visits during at least one of the first two follow-up periods, and 26 percent received such services throughout both periods. Over the first two years, families in the home-based option received an average of 71 visits. Typical home visits were at least one hour long. Topics for home visits included child growth and development, child play activities, housing issues, and parent-child communication.
Comparison conditions	Control group families could not receive EHS-HBO services, but could receive other services available in their community.
Subgroups examined	This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). Subgroups are not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021.
Funding sources	Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Child Outcomes Research and Evaluation team (CORE) within ACF’s Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (OPRE), and the Head Start Bureau in the Administration on Children, Youth and Families (ACYF).
Author affiliation	None of the study authors are developers of this model.
Peer reviewed	Peer reviewed status is not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021.

Study Registration:

Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: None found. Study registration was assessed by HomVEE beginning with the 2014 review.

Findings that rate moderate or high

Child development and school readiness
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	CBCL Aggressive behavior	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = -0.09	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote238 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value favors the intervention.
High	FACES positive approaches to learning	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.18	Statistically significant, p < 0.01
High	FACES Social Behavior Problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = -0.13	Statistically significant, p < 0.05	footnote238 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value favors the intervention.
High	Child has an individualized education plan	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	802	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = -0.02	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote238 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value favors the intervention.
High	Engagement during play	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	829	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
High	English receptive vocabulary (PPVT)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	802	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
High	Leiter attention sustained	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	802	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
High	Negativity toward parent during play	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	829	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = -0.01	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote238 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value favors the intervention.
High	Observed attention	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	802	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.07	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
High	Observed Leiter emotion regulation	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	802	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.02	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
High	Speech problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	802	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = -0.10	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote238 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value favors the intervention.
High	Woodcock Johnson Applied Problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	802	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.08	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
High	Woodcock Johnson Letter-Word identification (English)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	802	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.03	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Family economic self-sufficiency
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	Parent employed	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
High	Parent income (dollars)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.16	Statistically significant, p < 0.05

Maternal health
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Moderate	Parent depression	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = -0.08	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote238 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value favors the intervention.
Moderate	Someone in household had alcohol/drug problem in past year	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = -0.04	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote238 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value favors the intervention.

Positive parenting practices
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	HOME Language and Literacy	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.16	Statistically significant, p < 0.05
High	Children's books (26 or more)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.14	Statistically significant, p < 0.05
High	Parent supportiveness during play	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
High	Percent reading daily	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.15	Statistically significant, p < 0.05
High	Percent spanked last week	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote238 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value favors the intervention.
High	Teaching activities	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Home-based program approach	Age 5	927	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.15	Statistically significant, p < 0.05