footnote252
Information on baseline equivalence for race/ethnicity and SES, attrition, and effect size and significance was based on correspondence with the author.
Screening decision | Screening conclusion |
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Passes screens | Eligible for review |
Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Reassignment | Confounding factors |
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Moderate | Randomized controlled trial | High | Established on race/ethnicity and SES; outcome(s) not feasible to assess at baseline | None | None |
Information on baseline equivalence for race/ethnicity and SES, attrition, and effect size and significance was based on correspondence with the author.
Study participants | Parents/caregivers of children younger than 2 with protective services involvement were randomly assigned to the treatment and comparison groups. If the parent or caregiver had two children, both were placed in the parent/caregiver's assigned group. Most of the parents belonged to a minority racial/ethnic group (80 percent), were living in poverty (80 percent), and had less than a high school education (88 percent). 58 percent of the children were male, and 93 percent belonged to minority racial/ethnic groups. |
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Setting | The study was conducted in a large city in the Mid-Atlantic. |
Intervention services | The intervention, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC), consisted of 10 hour-long sessions conducted weekly in participants' homes with parents and their children. |
Comparison conditions | Comparison families received Developmental Education for Families (DEF) in home visits that were the same duration (10 hour-long sessions) and frequency (weekly) as ABC. DEF was designed to enhance cognitive and linguistic development. |
Staff characteristics and training | Parent trainers who administered the programs were hired based on experience with children and strong interpersonal skills. The parent trainers conducted program sessions with parents according to a structured training manual. |
Funding sources | NIMH grants R01 MH052135, R01 MH074374, and R01 MH084135 |
Author affiliation | When the research was conducted, the authors were affiliated with the University of Delaware and the University of Minnesota. |
Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
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Moderate | Strange Situation Procedure - Disorganized Attachment | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full analytic sample | Approximately 1 month after program end, or longer if child not yet old enough to measure outcome. | 120 children | Unadjusted proportion = 0.32 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.57 | Mean difference = -0.25 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.67 | Statistically significant, p = 0.012 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
Moderate | Strange Situation Procedure - Secure Attachment | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full analytic sample | Approximately 1 month after program end, or longer if child not yet old enough to measure outcome. | 120 children | Unadjusted proportion = 0.52 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.33 | Mean difference = 0.19 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.46 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.082 | footnote254Effect size and significance based on adjusted odds ratio provided to <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> by the authors. |
Outcome measure | Description of measure | Data collection method | Properties of measure |
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Disorganized attachment |
Strange Situation, a laboratory assessment of children's reliance on the parent when they are distressed. | Parent-child assessment | Videotapes were double coded, and coders agreed on 87% of organized-disorganized classifications. |
Secure attachment |
Strange Situation, a laboratory assessment of children's reliance on the parent when they are distressed. | Parent-child assessment | Videotapes were double coded, and coders agreed on 92% of secure-insecure classifications. |