Child development and school readiness

Effectiveness

Overview

The promotion of child development and school readiness is an important goal for some of the early childhood home visiting models in the HomVEE review. Models address this goal by engaging parents in activities designed to improve child functioning across developmental areas, educating parents about child development and strategies to enhance school readiness (such as literacy activities), and promoting positive parent-child interactions. Some also link families to center-based early childhood care and education experiences.

Measurement considerations

Outcomes in this domain include the child’s social behaviors, attachment to a parent or caregiver, social-emotional or psychological development, or cognitive and academic development. Outcome measures in this domain include direct child assessments, reviews of school records, direct observations of children’s behavior, and parent and teacher reports on standardized measures. Other outcome measures include parent and teacher reports on measures that are not standardized. Note: if a parent or child reports that the child ran away from home, that measure would be reported in this domain. However, if the information were drawn from child welfare records, that measure would be listed under the reductions in child maltreatment domain.

Child mental and behavioral health belong in this domain. HomVEE categorizes measures of children’s mental and behavioral health in the child development and school readiness domain, in contrast to the measures of physical health that are reported in the child health domain. Measures that cannot be clearly linked to children’s mental and behavioral health are ineligible for review.

Formal child care. HomVEE categorizes measures of attendance at formal, center-based care or formal, family child care in early childhood in this domain, and categorizes the direction of statistically significant impacts on such measures as having ambiguous direction. Measures of informal care arrangements (such as care from relatives or friends) are ineligible for review. Measures that combine attendance at formal care with informal arrangements (such as care from relatives or friends) are eligible for review in this domain, and HomVEE categorizes the direction of statistically significant impacts on such measures as having ambiguous direction. HomVEE also categorizes measures of the amount of time a child attends formal, center-based care or formal, family daycare in this domain, and categorizes the direction of statistically significant impacts on such measures as having ambiguous direction. 

Categorizing runaway information. If a parent or child reports that the child ran away from home, that measure would be reported in this domain. In contrast, if a child running away is information drawn from child welfare records, that measure would be listed under the reductions in child maltreatment domain.

Categorizing attachment measures. Attachment between parent and child is a dyadic concept that does not map precisely to one single outcome domain HomVEE focuses on, as specified in MIECHV authorizing statute (Social Security Act, Section 511 [42 U.S.C. 711]). Therefore, if a measure of attachment examines child behavior, HomVEE places it in the child development and school readiness domain. Examples include attachment to the caregiver during infancy, engagement in a difficult task during toddler years, problem behaviors, and inhibitory control. In contrast, HomVEE places attachment measures that examine caregiver behavior (such as sensitivity and nurturance), as well as measures that are truly dyadic (such as the Dyadic Coercive Interactions measure in the Relationship Affect Coding System), in the positive parenting practices domain.

Summary of findings

The effects shown in the research are grouped into four categories: (1) favorable, (2) no effect, (3) unfavorable or ambiguous, and (4) not measured. Results for models that only have low-rated research are listed as “not applicable.” For more information on these categories please read the procedures and standards handbook. Only results from manuscripts that receive a moderate or high rating are considered below. This table includes manuscripts links to more information on the model’s effectiveness, implementation, and details on findings in this domain.

Effects shown in research — Child development and school readiness domain

Displaying 1 - 68 of 68
Model Meets HHS criteria Findings For more information

Arizona Health Start Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 8
No effect: 11
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Toddler

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 2
No effect: 1
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Child First

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 5
No effect: 11
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Child Parent Enrichment Project (CPEP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 2
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Computer-Assisted Motivational Intervention (CAMI)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Computer-Assisted Motivational Intervention plus enhanced home visiting (CAMI+)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Early Head Start—Home-based option

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 5
No effect: 41
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Early Head Start Infant Mental Health Home-Based Services Adaptation (IMH-HB EHS)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Early Intervention Program for Adolescent Mothers

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Early Start (New Zealand)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 2
No effect: 5
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

Early Steps to School Success™—Home Visiting

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Even Start-Home Visiting (Birth to Age 5)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Family Check-Up® For Children

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 10
No effect: 27
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Family Connections (Birth to Age 5)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Family Connects

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Family Spirit®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 10
No effect: 30
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

First Born® Program

Findings
Not measured
For more information

Following Baby Back Home (FBBH)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

HealthConnect One's® Community-Based Doula Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Healthy Beginnings

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 0
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Healthy Families America (HFA)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 12
No effect: 44
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Healthy Steps (National Evaluation 1996 Protocol)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 2
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 11
No effect: 37
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

Home-Start

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

HOMEBUILDERS (Birth to Age 5)®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 5
No effect: 11
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Maternal Early Childhood Sustained Home-Visiting Program (MECSH)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 5
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Maternal Infant Health Program (MIHP)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Minding the Baby® Home Visiting (MTB-HV)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 2
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

MOM Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 5
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Mothers’ Advocates in the Community (MOSAIC)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

North Carolina Baby Love Maternal Outreach Workers Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 13
No effect: 127
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 2
For more information

Nurses for Newborns®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Nurturing Parenting Programs (Birth to Age 5)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Oklahoma’s Community-Based Family Resource and Support (CBFRS) Program

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Parent-Child Assistance Program (PCAP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

ParentChild+® Core Model

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 2
No effect: 13
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Parents as Teachers (PAT)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 7
No effect: 59
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

Baby FACE, an adaptation of Parents as Teachers

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 10
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 11
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Philani Outreach Programme

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Play and Learning Strategies (PALS) Infant

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 15
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Play and Learning Strategies (PALS) Infant + Toddler/Preschooler

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 14
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Play and Learning Strategies (PALS) Toddler/Preschooler

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 6
No effect: 7
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

Preparing for Life—Home Visiting

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 4
No effect: 92
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Pride in Parenting (PIP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 3
No effect: 25
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Promotion Model

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Promoting Parental Skills and Enhancing Attachment in Early Childhood (CAPEDP) Trial

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Resource Mothers Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Resources, Education, and Care in the Home (REACH)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 1
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

REST Routine

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 2
No effect: 0
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

SafeCare®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

SafeCare Augmented

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Australian adaptation of the UCLA Parent-Child Health and Wellness Project, a version of SafeCare

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Seattle-King County Healthy Homes Project

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Triple P - Positive Parenting Program®—Variants suitable for home visiting

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Triple P - Home Visiting: Standard Stepping Stones

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 3
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Video-Feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting–Sensitive Discipline® (VIPP–SD)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 4
No effect: 0
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Video-Feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting adapted to Autism (VIPP–AUTI)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 6
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Video-Feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting (VIPP)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 11
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

British Autism Study of Infant Siblings–Video-Feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting (iBASIS–VIPP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 7
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information