Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., Pettitt, L., Luckey, D. W., Holmberg, J., Ng, R. K., et al. (2004). Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: Age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1560-1568.
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion | HomVEE procedures and standards version |
|---|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review | Version 1 |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Compromised randomization | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Randomized controlled trial | Low | No relevant differences for nurse home visitor group. Statistically significant different in income between paraprofessional home visitor and comparison group. | None | None | Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed before 2021 |
In 2020, HomVEE updated this review to remove eight mother's partnership status/family structure findings from the Family Economic Self-Sufficiency domain because ACF determined that mother's partnership status is ineligible for review by HomVEE.
This study includes three groups: nurse home visits, paraprofessional home visits, and a comparison group. The high rating is based on the comparison between nurse home visits and the comparison group. The comparison between the paraprofessional and comparison groups receives a moderate rating because of a statistically significant difference in income at baseline that was not controlled.
| Study participants | Women were recruited through 21 antepartum clinics that served low-income pregnant women. Recruitment focused on women who had no previous live births and either qualified for Medicaid or had no private health insurance. Between March 1994 and June 1995, 1,178 women were invited to participate and 735 consented and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a control group, nurse home visiting, and paraprofessional home visiting. Randomization was conducted within strata based on maternal race (Hispanic, white, black, American Indian, or Asian), maternal gestational age (less than 32 weeks, 32 weeks or more), and geographic region. This study measured the sample when the children were 4 years old. The sample of women who completed the interviews when children were 4 years old included 635 women, 204 in the nurse home visiting program group, 211 in the paraprofessional home visiting program group, and 220 in the comparison group. |
|---|---|
| Setting | Denver, Colorado metropolitan area |
| Intervention services | The study included two program groups: one serviced by paraprofessionals and one serviced by nurses. Women assigned to both groups received developmental screening and referral services for their children and home visits during pregnancy and infancy (until the child was 2 years old). Both groups had the same goals: (1) to improve women’s health-related behavior, (2) to support parents in providing competent care, and (3) to encourage planning future pregnancies and promote education and employment. Paraprofessionals conducted 6.3 home visits on average during pregnancy and 16 visits during infancy. Nurses conducted 6.5 home visits on average during pregnancy and 21 visits during infancy. |
| Comparison conditions | Women in the comparison group received developmental screening and referral services for their children at 6, 12, 15, 21, and 24 months. |
| Subgroups examined |
This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). • Mother has psychological vulnerability (yes or no) |
| Funding sources | The Colorado Trust (grant 99030); the Administration for Children and Families, Department of Health and Human Services (grant 90PD0232); and a Senior Research Scientist Award (grant 1-K05-MH01382-01) to D.L.O. |
| Author affiliation | David L. Olds, a study author, is a developer of this model. |
| Peer reviewed | Peer reviewed status is not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021. |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Emotional regulation in testing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Nurse home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 144 children | Adjusted mean = 99.54 | Adjusted mean = 98.42 | Mean difference = 1.12 | Study reported = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.51 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | PLS-3 (Total language score) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Nurse home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 144 children | Adjusted mean = 91.39 | Adjusted mean = 86.73 | Mean difference = 4.66 | Study reported = 0.31 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Behavioral adaptation in testing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Nurse home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 144 children | Adjusted mean = 100.41 | Adjusted mean = 96.66 | Mean difference = 3.75 | Study reported = 0.38 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Executive function composite | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Nurse home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 144 children | Adjusted mean = 100.16 | Adjusted mean = 95.48 | Mean difference = 4.68 | Study reported = 0.47 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Externalizing behavior problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Nurse home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 144 children | Adjusted mean = 13.16 | Adjusted mean = 12.95 | Mean difference = 0.21 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.88 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | PLS-3 (Total language score) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Paraprofessional home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 163 children | Adjusted mean = 90.09 | Adjusted mean = 86.73 | Mean difference = 3.36 | Study reported = 0.23 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.13 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Behavioral adaptation in testing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Paraprofessional home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 163 children | Adjusted mean = 99.51 | Adjusted mean = 96.66 | Mean difference = 2.85 | Study reported = 0.28 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.10 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Emotional regulation in testing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Paraprofessional home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 163 children | Adjusted mean = 99.29 | Adjusted mean = 98.42 | Mean difference = 0.87 | Study reported = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.59 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Executive function composite | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Paraprofessional home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 163 children | Adjusted mean = 98.40 | Adjusted mean = 95.48 | Mean difference = 2.92 | Study reported = 0.29 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.06 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Externalizing behavior problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Mothers with low psychological resources — Paraprofessional home visitors and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 163 children | Adjusted mean = 12.91 | Adjusted mean = 12.95 | Mean difference = -0.04 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.98 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | PLS-3 (total language score) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 408 children | Adjusted mean = 92.65 | Adjusted mean = 92.01 | Mean difference = 0.64 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.65 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Behavioral adaptation in testing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 408 children | Adjusted mean = 99.63 | Adjusted mean = 99.71 | Mean difference = -0.08 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.93 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Child attended Head Start, preschool, center-based day care, or government-supported family care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.54 | = 0.66 | OR = 0.62 | HomVEE calculated = -0.29 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Emotional regulation in testing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 408 children | Adjusted mean = 99.54 | Adjusted mean = 99.61 | Mean difference = -0.07 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.95 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Executive function composite | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 408 children | Adjusted mean = 100.64 | Adjusted mean = 99.69 | Mean difference = 0.95 | Study reported = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.34 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| High | Externalizing behavior problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 408 children | Adjusted mean = 12.16 | Adjusted mean = 12.20 | Mean difference = -0.04 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.96 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| Moderate | PLS-3 (total language score) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 412 children | Adjusted mean = 93.24 | Adjusted mean = 92.01 | Mean difference = 1.23 | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.39 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| Moderate | Behavioral adaptation in testing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 412 children | Adjusted mean = 100.66 | Adjusted mean = 99.71 | Mean difference = 0.95 | Study reported = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.34 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| Moderate | Child attended Head Start, preschool, center-based day care, or government-supported family care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 children | = 0.59 | = 0.66 | OR = 0.76 | HomVEE calculated = -0.17 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.21 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| Moderate | Emotional regulation in testing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 412 children | Adjusted mean = 100.86 | Adjusted mean = 99.61 | Mean difference = 1.25 | Study reported = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.21 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| Moderate | Executive function composite | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 412 children | Adjusted mean = 99.70 | Adjusted mean = 99.69 | Mean difference = 0.01 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 1.00 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| Moderate | Externalizing behavior problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 412 children | Adjusted mean = 11.65 | Adjusted mean = 12.20 | Mean difference = -0.55 | Study reported = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.44 |
footnote5Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High. |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Subsequent low birth weight newborns | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.06 | = 0.08 | OR = 0.75 | HomVEE calculated = -0.17 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.45 |
|
| High | Subsequent special care admissions | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.06 | = 0.08 | OR = 0.66 | HomVEE calculated = -0.26 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.27 |
|
| Moderate | Subsequent special care admissions | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.05 | = 0.08 | OR = 0.54 | HomVEE calculated = -0.38 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.13 |
|
| Moderate | Subsequent low birth weight newborns | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional. home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.03 | = 0.08 | OR = 0.34 | HomVEE calculated = -0.64 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Graduated from high school or earned GED | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.80 | = 0.76 | OR = 1.26 | HomVEE calculated = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.35 |
|
| High | Months mother employed (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 14.42 | Adjusted mean = 13.38 | Mean difference = 1.04 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.22 |
|
| High | Months of AFDC (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.88 | Adjusted mean = 2.10 | Mean difference = -0.22 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.69 |
|
| High | Months of food stamps (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.32 | Adjusted mean = 3.98 | Mean difference = 0.34 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 |
|
| High | Months of Medicaid (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 7.34 | Adjusted mean = 6.98 | Mean difference = 0.36 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.71 |
|
| Moderate | Graduated from high school or earned GED | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.82 | = 0.76 | OR = 1.39 | HomVEE calculated = 0.20 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 |
|
| Moderate | Months mother employed (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 15.13 | Adjusted mean = 13.38 | Mean difference = 1.75 | Study reported = 0.11 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 |
|
| Moderate | Months of AFDC (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.95 | Adjusted mean = 2.10 | Mean difference = -0.15 | Study reported = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.78 |
|
| Moderate | Months of food stamps (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.56 | Adjusted mean = 3.98 | Mean difference = 0.58 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.47 |
|
| Moderate | Months of Medicaid (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 8.08 | Adjusted mean = 6.98 | Mean difference = 1.10 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.26 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | MHI | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 99.82 | Adjusted mean = 99.16 | Mean difference = 0.66 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.49 |
|
| High | Behavioral problems attributable to substance use | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.15 | = 0.12 | OR = 1.27 | HomVEE calculated = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.41 |
|
| High | Currently using marijuana | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.08 | = 0.09 | OR = 0.86 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 |
|
| High | Moderate/heavy drinker (= 3 drinks, = 3 times in 14 days) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.04 | = 0.04 | OR = 1.09 | HomVEE calculated = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.84 |
|
| High | Months between births of first and second children | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 24.51 | Adjusted mean = 20.39 | Mean difference = 4.12 | Study reported = 0.32 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 |
|
| High | Number of subsequent live births | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.48 | Adjusted mean = 0.57 | Mean difference = -0.09 | Study reported = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 |
|
| High | Number of subsequent pregnancies | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.85 | Adjusted mean = 0.88 | Mean difference = -0.03 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.72 |
|
| High | Pearlin Mastery Scale | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 99.41 | Adjusted mean = 99.31 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.91 |
|
| High | Subsequent abortion | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.05 | = 0.05 | OR = 0.94 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.89 |
|
| High | Subsequent miscarriage | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.09 | = 0.12 | OR = 0.73 | HomVEE calculated = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.31 |
|
| Moderate | MHI | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 101.20 | Adjusted mean = 99.16 | Mean difference = 0.66 | Study reported = -0.03 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
|
| Moderate | Behavioral problems attributable to substance use | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.10 | = 0.12 | OR = 0.82 | HomVEE calculated = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.52 |
|
| Moderate | Moderate/heavy drinker (= 3 drinks, = 3 times in 14 days) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.03 | = 0.04 | OR = 0.74 | HomVEE calculated = -0.21 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.54 |
|
| Moderate | Months between births of first and second children | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 22.20 | Adjusted mean = 20.39 | Mean difference = 1.81 | Study reported = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.27 |
|
| Moderate | Number of subsequent live births | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.53 | Adjusted mean = 0.57 | Mean difference = -0.04 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.57 |
|
| Moderate | Number of subsequent pregnancies | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.88 | Adjusted mean = 0.88 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 1.00 |
|
| Moderate | Pearlin Mastery Scale | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 101.20 | Adjusted mean = 99.31 | Mean difference = 1.94 | Study reported = 0.20 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
|
| Moderate | Subsequent abortion | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.06 | = 0.05 | OR = 1.19 | HomVEE calculated = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 |
|
| Moderate | Subsequent miscarriage | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.07 | = 0.12 | OR = 0.50 | HomVEE calculated = -0.42 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 |
|
| Moderate | Currently using marijuana | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison, (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.09 | = 0.09 | OR = 0.94 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.87 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | HOME total score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 408 mothers | Adjusted mean = 25.32 | Adjusted mean = 25.09 | Mean difference = 0.23 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.47 |
|
| High | Sensitive/responsive interaction | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 408 mothers | Adjusted mean = 100.51 | Adjusted mean = 98.66 | Mean difference = 1.85 | Study reported = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.06 |
|
| Moderate | HOME total score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 412 mothers | Adjusted mean = 25.08 | Adjusted mean = 25.09 | Mean difference = -0.01 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.96 |
|
| Moderate | Sensitive/responsive interaction | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 412 mothers | Adjusted mean = 100.92 | Adjusted mean = 98.66 | Mean difference = 2.26 | Study reported = 0.23 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Any domestic violence (past 6 months) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.07 | = 0.14 | OR = 0.47 | HomVEE calculated = -0.46 | Statistically significant, p = 0.05 |
|
| High | Any domestic violence (since child age 2) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 424 mothers | = 0.16 | = 0.24 | OR = 0.60 | HomVEE calculated = -0.31 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.09 |
|
| Moderate | Any domestic violence (past 6 months) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.14 | = 0.14 | OR = 1.05 | HomVEE calculated = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.88 |
|
| Moderate | Any domestic violence (since child age 2) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 4-year follow-up | 431 mothers | = 0.22 | = 0.24 | OR = 0.90 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.72 |
