Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program Meets HHS Criteria

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2015

Model overview

Theoretical approach

The Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) program is based on several key assumptions:

  • All families have strengths.
  • Families are responsible for their children.
  • Families are the primary decision makers regarding their children.
  • Communities recognize their roles in children’s lives.
  • Communities recognize that all children must succeed.
  • Prevention and early intervention improve the community’s well-being.
  • Public and private partnerships are vital to a successful program.
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Model services

HANDS providers first screen referred families for risk factors. Screening may occur prenatally or after birth until the child is 3 months old. Risk factors include unemployment; isolation; substance abuse; unstable housing; low parental education; domestic violence; poor prenatal care; depression; single parenting; noncompliance with prenatal care; unsuccessful abortion; or current use of tobacco, including prenatal and infant exposure to secondhand smoke. Any family that (1) is single, separated, or divorced; (2) began prenatal care after 12 weeks of pregnancy or has had poor care compliance or no prenatal care; (3) has considered abortion during this pregnancy; or (4) has two or more risk factors is eligible to receive services.

A trained home visitor conducts home visits. Home visitors use the Growing Great Kids™ (GGK) curriculum and provide services that focus on supporting the family, family-child interaction, child development, and personal responsibility. Services include developmental and social-emotional screenings for children and domestic violence and perinatal depression screening for parents. Health prevention is also a key focus of HANDS home visitation. Visitors work with families to establish medical homes and maintain up-to-date immunizations and well-child checks.

In addition, a registered nurse or social worker provides quarterly visits that focus on the following topics through series of questions and parent handouts called Helping HANDS for Homes: signs of premature labor, labor and delivery, home safety, basic care, nutrition, exercise, safe sleeping, effects of smoking and secondhand smoke, stress, babies’ cues, injury prevention, child development and temperament, and adjusting to parenting.

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Intended population

HANDS serves first-time parents beginning during pregnancy or any time before a child is 3 months old. Eligible families face multiple challenges, including single-parent status, low incomes, substance abuse, and domestic violence.

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Where to find out more

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS)
Cabinet for Health and Family Services
275 East Main Street
Frankfort, KY 40621
(502) 564-3756

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Effects shown in research

Maternal health

Findings rated moderate

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Adequate prenatal care
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, Bluegrass 898 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.77 Unadjusted mean = 0.50 OR = 4.23 HomVEE calculated = 0.87 Statistically significant, p = 0.00
Pregnancy-induced hypertension
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, Bluegrass 898 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.11 Unadjusted mean = 0.20 OR = 0.49 HomVEE calculated = -0.43 Statistically significant, p = 0.00

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Adequate prenatal care
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, KIPDA 376 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.65 Unadjusted mean = 0.72 OR = 0.78 HomVEE calculated = -0.15 Not statistically significant, p = 0.17
Pregnancy-induced hypertension
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, KIPDA 376 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.11 Unadjusted mean = 0.20 OR = 0.56 HomVEE calculated = -0.35 Statistically significant, p = 0.02

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Adequate prenatal care (proportion)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.74 Unadjusted mean = 0.71 OR = 1.14 HomVEE calculated = 0.08 Statistically significant, p = 0.05
Maternal complications during delivery (proportion)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.02 Unadjusted mean = 0.03 OR = 0.60 HomVEE calculated = -0.31 Statistically significant, p = 0.01

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

Maternal weight gain during pregnancy (pounds)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 mothers Not reported Not reported Mean difference = -1.20 Not available Statistically significant, p = 0.05
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (proportion)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.09 Unadjusted mean = 0.18 OR = 0.51 HomVEE calculated = -0.41 Statistically significant, p = 0.00

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

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Child health

Findings rated moderate

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Infant deceased in hospital (proportion)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 infants Unadjusted mean = 0.00 Unadjusted mean = 0.02 OR = 0.06 HomVEE calculated = -1.70 Statistically significant, p = 0.00

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

Low birth weight (proportion)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 infants Unadjusted mean = 0.07 Unadjusted mean = 0.12 OR = 0.54 HomVEE calculated = -0.37 Statistically significant, p = 0.00

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

Preterm birth (proportion)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 infants Unadjusted mean = 0.11 Unadjusted mean = 0.14 OR = 0.74 HomVEE calculated = -0.18 Statistically significant, p = 0.00

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Low birth weight
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, Bluegrass 898 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.08 Unadjusted mean = 0.05 OR = 1.57 HomVEE calculated = 0.27 Not statistically significant, p = 0.10
Preterm birth
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, Bluegrass 898 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.10 Unadjusted mean = 0.31 OR = 0.21 HomVEE calculated = -0.95 Statistically significant, p = 0.00

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Breastfeeding
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, KIPDA 376 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.70 Unadjusted mean = 0.54 OR = 2.16 HomVEE calculated = 0.47 Statistically significant, p = 0.00
Low birth weight
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, KIPDA 376 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.07 Unadjusted mean = 0.15 OR = 0.44 HomVEE calculated = -0.50 Statistically significant, p = 0.02

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

Preterm birth
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, KIPDA 376 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.12 Unadjusted mean = 0.15 OR = 0.76 HomVEE calculated = -0.17 Not statistically significant, p = 0.36
Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Breastfeeding (proportion)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.55 Unadjusted mean = 0.57 OR = 0.91 HomVEE calculated = -0.06 Not statistically significant, p = 0.15
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Reductions in child maltreatment

Findings rated moderate

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Substantiated reports of child maltreatment (proportion)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Unknown Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 infants Unadjusted mean = 0.06 Unadjusted mean = 0.11 OR = 0.53 HomVEE calculated = -0.38 Statistically significant, p = 0.00

footnote213

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Negative effect is favorable.

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Family economic self-sufficiency

Findings rated moderate

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Maternal receipt of WIC
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, Bluegrass 898 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.89 Unadjusted mean = 0.71 OR = 3.31 HomVEE calculated = 0.72 Statistically significant, p = 0.00
Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Maternal receipt of WIC
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched, KIPDA 376 mother/child dyads Unadjusted mean = 0.80 Unadjusted mean = 0.87 OR = 0.52 HomVEE calculated = -0.40 Statistically significant, p = 0.04
Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Maternal receipt of WIC (proportion)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Birth Kentucky 2011-2012 matched 4506 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.92 Unadjusted mean = 0.88 OR = 1.57 HomVEE calculated = 0.27 Statistically significant, p = 0.00
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In brief

Evidence of model effectiveness

Title General population Tribal population Domains with favorable effects
Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program Yes, Meets HHS Criteria Meets HHS criteria Does not meet HHS criteria for tribal population because the model has not been evaluated with a tribal population.
  • Child health,
  • Family economic self-sufficiency,
  • Maternal health,
  • Reductions in child maltreatment,

Model description

HANDS is a voluntary home visiting program designed to prevent child maltreatment, improve family functioning, facilitate positive pregnancy and child health outcomes, and maximize child growth and development. The program targets first-time pregnant mothers or parents with children up to 3 months old, who have multiple challenges, such as single parenthood, low income, substance abuse problems, or being victims of abuse or domestic violence. A trained paraprofessional or professional home visitor, such as a social worker, conducts prenatal and postnatal home visits with parents; provides parenting information, problem solving techniques, parenting skill development; and addresses basic needs. The level of services offered to families varies and is based on the needs of the family and the pace at which they progress through the program. 

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Extent of evidence

Results of search and review
Number of manuscripts
At least one finding was eligible for review…
10
  …and at least one finding rated high
0
  …and at least one finding rated moderate (but none rated high)
4
  …and all findings that were eligible for review rated low or indeterminate2
4
  …but manuscript is additional source3
2

For more information, see the research database. For more information on the criteria used to rate research, please see details of HomVEE’s methods and standards.

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Summary of findings

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Criteria established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Information based on comprehensive review of all high- and moderate-rated manuscripts
CriterionCriterion descriptionCriterion met?
1High- or moderate-quality impact study?Yes
2Across high- or moderate-quality studies, favorable impacts in at least two outcome domains within one sample OR the same domain for at least two non-overlapping samples?Yes
3Favorable impacts on full sample?Yes
4Any favorable impacts on outcome measures sustained at least 12 months after model enrollment?
Reported for all research but only required for RCTs.
Yes
5One or more favorable, statistically significant impact reported in a peer-reviewed journal?
Reported for all research but only required for RCTs.
No
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