footnote74
<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean.
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
Last updated: October 2019
Effects Shown in Research & Outcome Measure Details
Child Development and School Readiness
Outcomes Rated High
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSID Behavioral Rating Scale | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 354 children | Mean = 109.63 | Mean = 109.20 | Mean difference = 0.43 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 |
Primary | |
| BSID Mental Development Scale | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 344 children | Mean = 96.97 | Mean = 97.75 | Mean difference = -0.78 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 |
Primary | footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| BSID, Behavioral Rating Scale | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 342 children | Mean = 111.84 | Mean = 113.48 | Mean difference = -1.64 | Study reported = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.20 |
Primary | footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| CBRS, Engagement Score | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 2.81 | Mean = 2.98 | Mean difference = -0.17 | Study reported = -0.17 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.11 |
Primary | footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| CBRS, Negative Affect Score | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 4.93 | Mean = 4.93 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.97 |
Primary | footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. |
| CBRS, Positive Affect Score | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 2.43 | Mean = 2.44 | Mean difference = -0.01 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.96 |
Primary | footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| CBRS: Involvement Score | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 330 children | Mean = 4.13 | Mean = 4.18 | Mean difference = -0.05 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.73 |
Primary | footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| KABC Simultaneous Processing Standard Score | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 331 children | Mean = 107.77 | Mean = 109.29 | Mean difference = -1.52 | Study reported = -0.11 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.30 |
Primary | |
| SSRS Parent Report | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 103.07 | Mean = 100.37 | Mean difference = 2.70 | Study reported = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.09 |
Primary | |
| TERA-2 | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 333 children | Mean = 106.12 | Mean = 105.58 | Mean difference = 0.54 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.72 |
Primary | |
| Bracken Basic Concept Scale composite | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 113.47 | Mean = 112.23 | Mean difference = 1.24 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.51 |
Primary | |
| Mastery Motivation – Task Competence | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 319 children | Mean = 847.98 | Mean = 841.74 | Mean difference = 6.24 | Study reported = 0.20 | Statistically significant, p = 0.05 |
Primary | |
| Mastery Motivation – Task Persistence | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 318 children | Mean = 17.30 | Mean = 16.49 | Mean difference = 0.81 | Study reported = 0.20 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 |
Primary | |
| Mastery Motivation – Task Pleasure | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 319 children | Mean = 0.51 | Mean = 0.52 | Mean difference = -0.01 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.71 |
Primary | footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| Q-Sort Security of Attachment | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
18 month | Ohio sample | 364 children | Mean = 34.43 | Mean = 35.46 | Mean difference = -1.03 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.64 |
Primary | footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BSID:
|
The BSID tests the mental, motor, and behavioral development and abilities of young children. The researchers examined both the mental development and behavioral subscales. | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary | |
BBCS-R |
The BBCS-R assesses knowledge of basic concepts and receptive language skills in young children. | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary | |
CBRS:
|
The CBRS assesses behavioral problems in young children. The researchers examined scores related to engagement, involvement, and positive and negative affect. | Observation | Interrater reliability = 0.81 to 0.90 |
Primary | |
KABC: Simultaneous Processing Standard score |
The KABC assesses achievement and intelligence in young children. | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary | |
SSRS |
The SSRS assesses social skills, academic competence, and problem behaviors in young children. | Parent/caregiver and teacher report | Not reported by author |
Primary | |
TERA-2 |
The TERA-2 assesses early reading skills in young children. | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary | |
Attachment Q-Sort scale |
The Attachment Q-Sort assesses security of attachment and dependency in young children. | Observation | Interrater reliability = 0.90 |
Primary | |
Mastery Motivation – Task Persistence, Task Pleasure, Task Competence |
Children were introduced to various toys and were evaluated based upon persistence, pleasure, and competence in problem solving for up to 4 minutes. | Observation | Interrater reliability = 0.78 to 0.91 |
Primary |
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSID Mental Development Index (in normal range) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 184 children | % = 67.60 | % = 69.60 | = -2.00 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| BSID Mental Development Index (mean) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 184 children | Mean = 91.00 | Mean = 92.20 | Mean difference = -1.20 | Study reported = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| BSID Physical Development Index (in normal range) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 184 children | % = 85.70 | % = 79.80 | = 5.90 | Study reported = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| BSID Physical Development Index (mean) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 184 children | Mean = 99.80 | Mean = 98.40 | Mean difference = 1.40 | Study reported = 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Cognitive Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 68.60 | % = 67.70 | = 0.90 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Cognitive Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 44.80 | % = 41.20 | = 3.60 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Cognitive Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 1.80 | Mean = 1.80 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Cognitive Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = -0.50 | Mean = -1.10 | Mean difference = 0.60 | Study reported = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Communication Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 82.70 | % = 74.80 | = 7.90 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | footnote61In contrast to the study-reported results, <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). The <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> tests of statistical significance are based on the <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA). |
| DPII Communication Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 78.60 | % = 77.10 | = 1.50 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Communication Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 4.30 | Mean = 4.40 | Mean difference = -0.10 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Communication Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = 5.40 | Mean = 5.30 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Physical Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 86.40 | % = 85.20 | = 1.20 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Physical Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 78.10 | % = 79.10 | = -1.00 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Physical Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 4.60 | Mean = 4.60 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Physical Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = 3.90 | Mean = 3.70 | Mean difference = 0.20 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Self-Help Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 96.40 | % = 95.50 | = 0.90 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Self-Help Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 92.90 | % = 90.80 | = 2.10 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Self-Help Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 7.30 | Mean = 7.40 | Mean difference = -0.10 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Self-Help Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = 13.00 | Mean = 10.80 | Mean difference = 2.20 | Study reported = 0.25 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Social Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 91.60 | % = 93.20 | = -1.60 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Social Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 83.30 | % = 73.90 | = 9.40 | Study reported = 0.23 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | footnote61In contrast to the study-reported results, <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). The <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> tests of statistical significance are based on the <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA). |
| DPII Social Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 4.70 | Mean = 5.80 | Mean difference = -1.10 | Study reported = -0.24 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
Primary | |
| DPII Social Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = 7.40 | Mean = 5.90 | Mean difference = 1.50 | Study reported = 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| PPVT ator above chronological age | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 320 children | % = 50.00 | % = 49.20 | = 0.80 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary | |
| PPVT mean months differential | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 320 children | Mean = 0.30 | Mean = -0.20 | Mean difference = 0.50 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BSID:
|
The BSID tests the mental, motor, and behavioral development and abilities of young children. The researchers examined both the mental development and physical development scales. The scores were presented as (1) average scores, and (2) the proportion of the sample that were within the normal range (scores of 86 or above). | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary | |
DPII:
|
The subscales of the DPII assess the physical, communication, self-help, social, and cognitive development of young children. The scores were presented as (1) the difference in months between a child’s chronological age and the age that corresponds to the skill level assessed, and (2) the proportion of the sample assessed as at or above their chronological age in the area assessed. | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary | |
DPII:
|
The subscales of the DPII assess the physical, communication, self-help, social, and cognitive development of young children. The scores were presented as (1) the difference in months between a child’s chronological age and the age that corresponds to the skill level assessed, and (2) the proportion of the sample assessed as at or above their chronological age in the area assessed. | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary | |
PPVT |
The PPVT assesses receptive language in young children. Scores were presented as (1) the number of months difference between the chronological age of the child and his/her receptive language developmental age, and (2) the proportion of the sample assessed as at or above their chronological age. | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary |
Outcomes Rated Moderate
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achievement-Kaufman ABC | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 24 children | Unadjusted mean = 97.00 | Unadjusted mean = 94.00 | Mean difference = 3.00 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Achievement-Kaufman ABC, % Below 90 | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 24 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.25 | Unadjusted mean = 0.20 | Mean difference = 0.05 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Fine Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.30 | Unadjusted mean = 0.50 | Mean difference = -0.20 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.30 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Fine Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test, % Below Age Level | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.25 | Unadjusted mean = 0.40 | Mean difference = -0.15 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.41 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Gross Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Unadjusted mean = 0.90 | Mean difference = -0.80 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.77 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | Primary |
| Gross Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test, % Below Age Level | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Unadjusted mean = 0.45 | Mean difference = -0.35 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.05 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | Primary |
| Language Acquisition Quotient-Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 107.00 | Unadjusted mean = 100.00 | Mean difference = 7.00 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.57 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | Primary |
| Language Acquisition Quotient-Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale, % Below Age Level | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.30 | Unadjusted mean = 0.65 | Mean difference = -0.35 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.80 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | Primary |
| Mental Processing-Kaufman ABC | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 24 children | Unadjusted mean = 102.00 | Unadjusted mean = 94.00 | Mean difference = 8.00 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.62 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Mental Processing-Kaufman ABC, % Below 90 | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 24 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.05 | Unadjusted mean = 0.25 | Mean difference = -0.20 | HomeVEE calculated = -1.27 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | Primary |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achievement-Kaufman ABC |
Mean score on achievement portion of Kaufman Assessment Battery for children (K- ABC) | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary | |
Achievement-Kaufman ABC, % Below 90 |
Percentage of children who scored below 90 on achievement portion of Kaufman Assessment Battery for children (K- ABC) | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary | |
Fine Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test |
Mean number of fine motor delays (definite delays) and cautions (questionable delays) on the Denver Developmental Screening Test | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary | |
Fine Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test, % Below Age Level |
Percentage of children who scored below age level for fine motor delays (definite delays) and cautions (questionable delays) on the Denver Developmental Screening Test | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary | |
Gross Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test |
Mean number of gross motor delays (definite delays) and cautions (questionable delays) on the Denver Developmental Screening Test | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary | |
Gross Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test, % Below Age Level |
Percentage of children who scored below age level for gross motor delays (definite delays) and cautions (questionable delays) on the Denver Developmental Screening Test | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary | |
Language Acquisition Quotient-Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale |
Mean language age quotient on Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale, calculated by comparing the child's language development with his/her chronical age to measure language development. | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary | |
Language Acquisition Quotient-Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale, % Below Age Level |
Percentage of children whose language age quotient was below 100 on the Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale, indicating their language development was below their cronical age. | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary | |
Mental Processing-Kaufman ABC |
Mean score on mental processing portion of Kaufman Assessment Battery for children (K- ABC) | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary | |
Mental Processing-Kaufman ABC, % Below 90 |
Percentage of children who scored below 90 on mental processing portion of Kaufman Assessment Battery for children (K- ABC) | Child assessment | Not reported by authors |
Primary |
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPII average months differential: cognitive development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 2.20 | Mean = 2.40 | Mean difference = -0.20 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: communication development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 4.90 | Mean = 4.50 | Mean difference = 0.40 | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: physical development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 2.90 | Mean = 3.00 | Mean difference = -0.10 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: self-help development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 6.10 | Mean = 6.00 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: social development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 4.90 | Mean = 4.90 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 259 children | Mean = 72.30 | Mean = 70.80 | Mean difference = 1.50 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Secondary |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DPII:
|
The subscales of the DPII assess the physical, communication, self-help, social, and cognitive development of young children. The scores were presented as the difference in months between a child’s chronological age and the age that corresponds to the skill level assessed. | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary | |
ASBI: Total score |
The ASBI assesses the social development and prosocial/antisocial behaviors of young children. | Parent/caregiver report | Not reported by author |
Secondary |
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPII average months differential: cognitive development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 3.90 | Mean = 3.60 | Mean difference = 0.30 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: cognitive development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 2.60 | Mean = 2.20 | Mean difference = 0.40 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: communication development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 2.60 | Mean = 2.30 | Mean difference = 0.30 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: communication development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 3.50 | Mean = 3.20 | Mean difference = 0.30 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: physical development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 3.60 | Mean = 3.80 | Mean difference = -0.20 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: physical development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 5.60 | Mean = 5.60 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: self-help | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 2.70 | Mean = 2.60 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: self-help | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 9.00 | Mean = 9.40 | Mean difference = -0.40 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: social development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 6.10 | Mean = 6.60 | Mean difference = -0.50 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
| DPII average months differential: social development | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 7.80 | Mean = 6.80 | Mean difference = 1.00 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
Primary |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DPII:
|
The subscales of the DPII assess the physical, communication, self-help, social, and cognitive development of young children. The scores were presented as the difference in months between a child’s chronological age and the age that corresponds to the skill level assessed. | Child assessment | Not reported by author |
Primary |
Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive child behaviors - imaginative play episode, attending to help | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Whangarei | 163 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.00 | Unadjusted mean = 2.45 | Mean difference = -0.45 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.41 | Secondary |
| Positive child behaviors - imaginative play episode, using information | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Whangarei | 163 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 1.99 | Unadjusted mean = 2.18 | Mean difference = -0.19 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.58 | Secondary |
| Positive child behaviors - problem solving task, total | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Whangarei | 129 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 12.09 | Unadjusted mean = 11.31 | Mean difference = 0.78 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.52 | Secondary |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in months when child first walked 6 steps unaided | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 12.90 | Unadjusted mean = 12.37 | Mean difference = 0.53 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.24 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
| Behaviour Checklist | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
| Denver II Assessment, Fine Motor Delay | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Denver II Assessment, Gross Motor Delay | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Denver II Assessment, Language Delay | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Denver II Assessment, Personal Social Items | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Mental Processing Composite | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 158 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 59.44 | Unadjusted mean = 60.34 | Mean difference = -0.90 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Sequential Processing | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 158 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 22.14 | Unadjusted mean = 23.00 | Mean difference = -0.86 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.16 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
Bureau of Indian Affairs’ Baby Family and Child Education Program (Baby FACE)
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boehm Test of Basic Concepts -3 Preschool, Total Score |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
67 families | Adjusted mean = 26.84 | Adjusted mean = 23.86 | MD = 2.98 | = 0.34 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.09 |
Primary | |
Boehm Test of Basic Concepts-3 Preschool - Total Score |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
67 families | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p=0.050 |
Primary | Although authors do not report the effect size, they indicate the finding is significant and favorable. Covariates included child's birth, household poverty, intergenerational living arrangement, and frequency of English spoken to children. |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Attachment |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
66 families | Adjusted mean = 26.63 | Adjusted mean = 26.47 | MD = 0.16 | = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.69 |
Primary | |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Attachment |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Adjusted mean = 26.37 | Adjusted mean = 25.90 | MD = 0.47 | = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.26 |
Primary | |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Behavioral concerns |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
66 families | Adjusted mean = 11.06 | Adjusted mean = 11.83 | MD = -0.77 | = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.22 |
Primary | Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Behavioral concerns |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
Primary | Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Although authors do not report the effect size, they indicate the finding is significant and favorable. Covariates included child's birth, household poverty, intergenerational living arrangement, and frequency of English spoken to children. |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Behavioral concerns |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Adjusted mean = 10.73 | Adjusted mean = 13.00 | MD = -2.27 | = -0.47 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 |
Primary | Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Initiative |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
66 families | Adjusted mean = 32.03 | Adjusted mean = 30.37 | MD = 1.66 | = 0.27 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 |
Primary | |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Initiative |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Adjusted mean = 32.35 | Adjusted mean = 30.58 | MD = 1.77 | = 1.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.19 |
Primary | |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Self-control |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
66 families | Adjusted mean = 20.26 | Adjusted mean = 20.53 | MD = -0.27 | = -0.38 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.82 |
Primary | |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Self-control |
FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Adjusted mean = 20.42 | Adjusted mean = 20.00 | MD = 0.42 | = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.35 |
Primary |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boehm Test of Basic Concepts-3 |
Assesses 26 basic concepts relevant to children ages 3 to 5 |
Child assessment |
Internal consistency and test reliability range from .85 to .92. |
Primary |