footnote3
Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05).
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2019
Effects shown in research & outcome measure details
Family economic self-sufficiency
Findings rated high
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economically productive | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
19-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 231 children | % (adjusted) = 71.00 | Adjusted mean % = 68.00 | Difference = 0.03 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Economically productive | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
19-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 219 children | %(adjusted) = 73.00 | Adjusted mean % = 68.00 | Difference = 0.04 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever used AFDC | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
19-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 231 children | % (adjusted) = 3.00 | Adjusted mean % = 2.00 | Difference = 0.01 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.26 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever used AFDC | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
19-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 219 children | %(adjusted) = 6.00 | Adjusted mean % = 2.00 | Difference = 0.04 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.68 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Ever used food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
19-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 231 children | %(adjusted) = 6.00 | Adjusted mean % = 6.00 | Difference = 0.00 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever used food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
19-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 219 children | %(adjusted) = 7.00 | Adjusted mean % = 6.00 | Difference = 0.01 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever used Medicaid | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
19-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 231 children | %(adjusted) = 11.00 | Adjusted mean % = 12.00 | Difference = -0.01 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Ever used Medicaid | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
19-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 219 children | %(adjusted) = 20.00 | Adjusted mean % = 12.00 | Difference = 0.07 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.34 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Economically productive |
Percentage of youth engaging in economically productive activities such as whether the youth was in school, the military, or job training or working full time at the time of the interview | Adolescent report | Not applicable |
Ever used AFDC |
Percentage of youth that had received AFDC | Adolescent report | Not applicable |
Ever used food stamps |
Percentage of youth that had received food stamps | Adolescent report | Not applicable |
Ever used Medicaid |
Percentage of youth that had received Medicaid | Adolescent report | Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employed during pregnancy | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36th week of pregnancy | Full (Memphis) | 916 mothers | % (adjusted) = 6.00 | Adjusted mean % = 3.00 | OR = 2.00 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.44 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
|
| In school during pregnancy | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36th week of pregnancy | Full (Memphis) | 916 mothers | % (adjusted) = 44.00 | Adjusted mean % = 41.00 | OR = 1.20 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
footnote2Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. |
| Months on AFDC , 13–24 months postpartum | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 years postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 671 mothers | Adjusted mean = 7.80 | Adjusted mean = 8.40 | Mean difference = -0.60 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
footnote3Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05). |
| Months on AFDC , 0–12 months postpartum | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 years postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 681 mothers | Adjusted mean = 7.30 | Adjusted mean = 7.60 | Mean difference = -0.30 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
|
| Months worked, 0–12 months postpartum | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 years postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 681 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.20 | Adjusted mean = 1.70 | Mean difference = 0.50 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
|
| Months worked, 13–24 months postpartum | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 years postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 671 mothers | Adjusted mean = 3.40 | Adjusted mean = 3.40 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
|
| Used other community services | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36th week of pregnancy | Full (Memphis) | 916 mothers | % (adjusted) = 29.00 | Adjusted mean % = 20.00 | OR = 1.80 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.30 | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01 |
footnote2Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Employed during pregnancy |
Percentage of women who were employed at 28 weeks gestation | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
In school during pregnancy |
Percentage of women who were enrolled in school at 28 weeks gestation | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months on AFDC |
Counts of the number of months the mother received AFDC | Review of Tennessee Department of Human Services records | Not applicable |
Months worked |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Used other community services |
Percentage of women who used other community services at 28 weeks’ gestation | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current socioeconomic status (percentile ranked by U.S. occupational codes) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 646 mothers | Adjusted mean = 15.62 | Adjusted mean = 13.73 | Mean difference = 1.89 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Highest education level | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 646 mothers | Adjusted mean = 11.61 | Adjusted mean = 11.67 | Mean difference = -0.06 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Number of months mother or child received AFDC (0–60 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 646 mothers | Adjusted mean = 32.55 | Adjusted mean = 36.19 | Mean difference = -3.64 | Not available | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01 |
| Number of months mother or child received food stamps (0–60 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 646 mothers | Adjusted mean = 41.57 | Adjusted mean = 45.04 | Mean difference = -3.47 | Not available | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01 |
| Number of months received WIC (0–54 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 646 mothers | Adjusted mean = 21.51 | Adjusted mean = 23.33 | Mean difference = -1.82 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Number of months received Medicaid (0–54 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 646 mothers | Adjusted mean = 39.59 | Adjusted mean = 41.08 | Mean difference = -1.49 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Number of months worked (0–54 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 646 mothers | Adjusted mean = 19.89 | Adjusted mean = 18.84 | Mean difference = 1.05 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Current SES |
Percentile rank of the mother’s occupation estimated by calculating percentile rank for each occupation using Census categories and the median income and educational achievement associated with each occupation | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Highest education level |
The highest year of school the mother had completed | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Number of months mother or child received AFDC |
Counts of the number of months the mother received AFDC | Review of Tennessee Department of Human Services records | Not applicable |
Number of months mother or child received food stamps |
Counts of the number of months the mother received food stamps. The outcome was measured for the period of 0 to 60 months postpartum. | Review of Tennessee Department of Human Services records | Not applicable |
Number of months received WIC |
Counts of the number of months the mother received WIC | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Number of months received Medicaid |
Counts of the number of months the mother received Medicaid | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Number of months worked |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of nutritional supplementation vouchers | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
32 weeks | Full (Elmira) | 288 mothers | Mean = 2.18 | Mean = 1.56 | Mean difference = 0.62 | Not available | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of nutritional supplementation vouchers |
The number of WIC vouchers the family received |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time employed, in months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
10 to 12 years | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) | 594 mothers | Adjusted mean = 7.10 | Adjusted mean = 7.77 | Mean difference = -0.67 | HomeVEE calculated = -2.62 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Time employed, in months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 to 12 years | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) | 594 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.50 | Adjusted mean = 4.64 | Mean difference = -0.14 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.99 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Use of AFDC-TANF | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
0 to 12 years | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis | 594 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.97 | Adjusted mean = 5.47 | Mean difference = -0.50 | HomeVEE calculated = -3.03 | Statistically significant, p < .05 |
| Use of AFDC-TANF | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
10 to 12 years | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) | 594 mothers | Adjusted mean = 3.75 | Adjusted mean = 3.97 | Mean difference = -0.22 | HomeVEE calculated = -13.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Use of food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
0 to 12 years | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) | 594 mothers | Adjusted mean = 6.27 | Adjusted mean = 6.86 | Mean difference = -0.59 | HomeVEE calculated = -3.90 | Statistically significant, p < .05 |
| Use of food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
10 to 12 years | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) | 594 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.46 | Adjusted mean = 5.06 | Mean difference = -0.60 | HomeVEE calculated = -2.65 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Use of Medicaid | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
0 to 12 years | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) | 594 mothers | Adjusted mean = 8.08 | Adjusted mean = 8.39 | Mean difference = -0.31 | HomeVEE calculated = -1.88 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Use of Medicaid | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
10 to 12 years | Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) | 594 mothers | Adjusted mean = 6.02 | Adjusted mean = 6.23 | Mean difference = -0.21 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.81 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Time employed, in months |
Count of the number of months the mother was employed from child age 2 to 12 years | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Use of AFDC-TANF |
Count of the number of months per year the mother Aid to Families with Dependent Children and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families from birth through child age 12 years | Review of state records supplemented by parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Use of food stamps |
Count of the number of months per year the mother received food stamps from birth through child age 12 years | Review of state records supplemented by parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Use of Medicaid |
Count of the number of months per year the mother received Medicaid from birth through age child age 12 years | Review of state records supplemented by parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SES of current job (mother) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 641 mothers | Adjusted mean = 14.01 | Adjusted mean = 13.06 | Mean difference = 0.95 | Study reported = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 | |
| Months mother employed (54–72 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 641 mothers | Adjusted mean = 9.96 | Adjusted mean = 9.99 | Mean difference = -0.03 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.97 | |
| Months of AFDC (54–72 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 641 mothers | Adjusted mean = 7.21 | Adjusted mean = 8.96 | Mean difference = -1.75 | Study reported = -0.22 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | |
| Months of food stamps (54–72 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 641 mothers | Adjusted mean = 9.67 | Adjusted mean = 11.50 | Mean difference = -1.83 | Study reported = -0.24 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 | |
| Months of Medicaid, (54–72 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 641 mothers | Adjusted mean = 11.98 | Adjusted mean = 13.08 | Mean difference = -1.10 | Study reported = -0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.08 | |
| Mother graduated from high school/earned GED (percentage) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 641 mothers | % (adjusted) = 69.00 | Adjusted mean % = 66.00 | OR = 1.12 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.54 |
footnote2Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
SES of current job |
Percentile rank of the mother’s occupation estimated by calculating percentile rank for each occupation using Census categories and the median income and educational achievement associated with each occupation | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months mother employed |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months on AFDC |
Counts of the number of months the mother received AFDC | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months on food stamps |
Counts of the number of months the mother received food stamps | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months on Medicaid |
Counts of the number of months the mother received Medicaid | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Mother graduated from high school/earned GED |
Percentage of mothers who had earned a high school diploma or GED | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of months employed per year (2–9 years postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 627 mothers | Adjusted mean = 3.84 | Adjusted mean = 3.86 | Mean difference = -0.02 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.93 |
| Number of months employed per year (6–9 years postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 627 mothers | Adjusted mean = 6.86 | Adjusted mean = 7.39 | Mean difference = -0.53 | Study reported = -0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.13 |
| Number of months on /TANF per year (0–9 years postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 627 mothers | Adjusted mean = 5.21 | Adjusted mean = 5.92 | Mean difference = -0.71 | Study reported = -0.14 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
| Number of months on TANF(6–9 years postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 627 mothers | Adjusted mean = 3.39 | Adjusted mean = 4.01 | Mean difference = -0.62 | Study reported = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.12 |
| Number of months on food stamps per year (0–9 years postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 627 mothers | Adjusted mean = 6.98 | Adjusted mean = 7.80 | Mean difference = -0.82 | Study reported = -0.17 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
| Number of months on food stamps per year (6–9 years postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 627 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.89 | Adjusted mean = 5.92 | Mean difference = -1.03 | Study reported = -0.21 | Statistically significant, p = 0.02 |
| Number of months on Medicaid per year (0–9 years postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 627 mothers | Adjusted mean = 9.71 | Adjusted mean = 10.07 | Mean difference = -0.36 | Study reported = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.12 |
| Number of months on Medicaid per year (6–9 years postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | 627 mothers | Adjusted mean = 8.79 | Adjusted mean = 8.74 | Mean difference = 0.05 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.89 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of months employed per year |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed per year | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Number of months on AFDC/TANF per year |
Counts of the number of months per year the mother received AFDC or TANF | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Number of months on food stamps per year |
Counts of the number of months per year the mother received food stamps | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Number of months on Medicaid per year |
Counts of the number of months per year the mother received Medicaid | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Number of months with current partner |
Counts of the number of months the mother had been in a relationship with her current partner | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Educational achievement (years) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
21 months | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 427 mothers | Adjusted mean = 11.51 | Adjusted mean = 11.51 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Educational achievement |
The highest year of school the mother had completed |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graduated from high school or earned GED | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 424 mothers | = 0.80 | = 0.76 | OR = 1.26 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.35 |
| Months mother employed (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 14.42 | Adjusted mean = 13.38 | Mean difference = 1.04 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.22 |
| Months of AFDC (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.88 | Adjusted mean = 2.10 | Mean difference = -0.22 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.69 |
| Months of food stamps (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.32 | Adjusted mean = 3.98 | Mean difference = 0.34 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 |
| Months of Medicaid (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 424 mothers | Adjusted mean = 7.34 | Adjusted mean = 6.98 | Mean difference = 0.36 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.71 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Graduated from high school or earned GED |
Percentage of mothers who had earned a high school diploma or GED |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Months mother employed (25–48 months postpartum) |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months on AFDC (25–48 months postpartum) |
Counts of the number of months the mother received AFDC |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Months on food stamps (25–48 months postpartum) |
Counts of the number of months the mother received food stamps |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Months on Medicaid (25–48 months postpartum) |
Counts of the number of months the mother received Medicaid | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Months employed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 227 mothers | Adjusted mean = 87.50 | Adjusted mean = 89.70 | Mean difference = -2.20 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Months employed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 245 mothers | Adjusted mean = 96.40 | Adjusted mean = 89.70 | Mean difference = 6.70 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Months receiving AFDC | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 227 mothers | Adjusted mean = 70.20 | Adjusted mean = 65.90 | Mean difference = 4.30 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Months receiving AFDC | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 245 mothers | Adjusted mean = 52.80 | Adjusted mean = 65.90 | Mean difference = -13.10 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Months receiving food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 227 mothers | Adjusted mean = 62.00 | Adjusted mean = 56.40 | Mean difference = 5.60 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Months receiving food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy, and comparison (Elmira) | 245 mothers | Adjusted mean = 47.90 | Adjusted mean = 56.40 | Mean difference = -8.50 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Months receiving Medicaid | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 227 mothers | Adjusted mean = 71.10 | Adjusted mean = 70.00 | Mean difference = 1.10 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Months receiving Medicaid | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15-year follow-up | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 245 mothers | Adjusted mean = 61.80 | Adjusted mean = 70.00 | Mean difference = -8.20 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Months employed |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed between the child’s birth and 15th year of life | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months receiving AFDC |
Counts of the number of months the mother received AFDC between the child’s birth and 15th year of life | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months receiving food stamps |
Counts of the number of months the mother received food stamps between the child’s birth and 15th year of life | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months receiving Medicaid |
Counts of the number of months the mother received Medicaid between the child’s birth and 15th year of life | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
171
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concern about finding work | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
10 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 195 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.43 | Adjusted mean = 2.17 | Mean difference = 0.26 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Concern about finding work | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
10 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 202 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.38 | Adjusted mean = 2.17 | Mean difference = 0.21 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Concern about finding work | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
22 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 192 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.97 | Adjusted mean = 1.92 | Mean difference = 0.05 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Concern about finding work | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
22 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 183 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.24 | Adjusted mean = 1.92 | Mean difference = 0.32 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Help with child care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
10 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 197 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.77 | Adjusted mean = 2.64 | Mean difference = 0.13 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Help with child care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
10 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 204 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.76 | Adjusted mean = 2.64 | Mean difference = 0.12 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Help with child care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
22 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 189 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.94 | Adjusted mean = 2.76 | Mean difference = 0.18 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Help with child care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
22 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 197 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.83 | Adjusted mean = 2.76 | Mean difference = 0.07 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Help with child care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
46 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 167 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.97 | Adjusted mean = 3.00 | Mean difference = -0.03 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Help with child care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
46 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 183 mothers | Adjusted mean = 3.18 | Adjusted mean = 3.00 | Mean difference = 0.18 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Number of days on public assistance (0–22 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
22 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 185 mothers | Adjusted mean = 268.00 | Adjusted mean = 244.00 | Mean difference = 24.00 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Number of days on public assistance (0–22 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
22 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 194 mothers | Adjusted mean = 236.00 | Adjusted mean = 244.00 | Mean difference = -8.00 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Number of days on public assistance (0–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
48 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 196 mothers | Adjusted mean = 510.00 | Adjusted mean = 530.00 | Mean difference = -20.00 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Number of days on public assistance (0–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
48 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 208 mothers | Adjusted mean = 437.00 | Adjusted mean = 530.00 | Mean difference = -93.00 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Number of months employed (0–22 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
22 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 194 mothers | Adjusted mean = 6.15 | Adjusted mean = 5.89 | Mean difference = 0.26 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Number of months employed (0–22 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
22 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 185 mothers | Adjusted mean = 7.57 | Adjusted mean = 5.89 | Mean difference = 1.68 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Number of months employed (0–46 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
46 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) | 196 mothers | Adjusted mean = 17.01 | Adjusted mean = 12.65 | Mean difference = 4.36 | Not available | Statistical significance not reported |
| Number of months employed (0–46 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
46 months postpartum | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) | 208 mothers | Adjusted mean = 15.18 | Adjusted mean = 12.65 | Mean difference = 2.53 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Concern about finding work |
Likert scale with a range of 1 to 4 indicating frequency of worrying about finding work | Parent/caregiver report | Not reported by author |
Help with child care |
Scale ranging from 1 to 4 based on average frequency of help with specific child care tasks (e.g., diaper changing, dressing, toilet training, feeding, playing) provided by other family members and friends | Parent/caregiver report | Not reported by author |
Number of days on public assistance |
Counts of the number of days the mother was on public assistance | Review of county records for mothers that were at-risk or reported use of public assistance and had not moved out of the county during the period. Otherwise, parent/caregiver report was used. | Not applicable |
Number of months employed |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
260
NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Educational achievement (years) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
21 months | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 440 mothers | Adjusted mean = 11.62 | Adjusted mean = 11.51 | Mean difference = 0.11 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Months employed (1–12 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 425 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.21 | Adjusted mean = 3.97 | Mean difference = 0.24 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Months employed (13–24 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 439 mothers | Adjusted mean = 6.14 | Adjusted mean = 5.73 | Mean difference = 0.41 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Months on AFDC (1–12 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 425 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.60 | Adjusted mean = 2.35 | Mean difference = 0.25 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Months on AFDC (13–24 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 439 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.31 | Adjusted mean = 1.92 | Mean difference = 0.39 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Educational achievement |
The highest year of school the mother had completed |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Months employed |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed. The outcome was measured for the periods of 1 to 12 months postpartum and 13 to 24 months postpartum. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Months on AFDC |
Counts of the number of months the mother received AFDC. The outcome was measured for the periods of 1 to 12 months postpartum and 13 to 24 months postpartum. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Findings rated moderate
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4 years | Denver, CO- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 414 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Unadjusted mean = 0.06 | Mean difference = 0.04 | Study reported = 0.04 | p = 0.72 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 years | Denver, CO- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 394 mothers | Unadjusted mean = -0.01 | Unadjusted mean = -0.08 | Mean difference = 0.07 | Study reported = 0.12 | p = 0.34 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 years | Denver, CO- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 357 mothers | Unadjusted mean = -0.15 | Unadjusted mean = -0.17 | Mean difference = 0.02 | Study reported = 0.03 | p = 0.84 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | Weighted average of the standardized values for the following percentages within Census tract and block group: (1) households below the federal poverty level (2) persons on public assistance (3) female-headed households with children (4) persons unemployed, and (5) share of population that is black. |
U.S. Census Bureau - 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses |
Not reported by authors |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | An average of the standardized values for five elements in each Census tract and block group number: (1) percentage of households below the federal poverty level, (2) percentage of persons on public assistance, (3) percentage of female-headed households with children, (4) percentage of persons unemployed, (5) percentage of population that is black. This average was weighted by intervals between the Censuses when participant assessments were conducted. The weighted scores represent the degree of concentrated disadvantage in the neighborhood in terms of national averages, weighted by intervals to the Census. |
Author calculation from public data |
Not reported by author |
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 years | Elmira, NY- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 183 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.48 | Unadjusted mean = 0.06 | Mean difference = 0.42 | Study reported = 0.42 | p = 0.03 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | Elmira, NY- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 205 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.32 | Unadjusted mean = 0.45 | Mean difference = -0.13 | Study reported = -0.12 | p = 0.54 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4 years | Elmira, NY- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 214 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.36 | Unadjusted mean = 0.44 | Mean difference = -0.08 | Study reported = -0.07 | p = 0.72 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Neighborhood Disadvantage index |
Weighted average of the standardized values for the following percentages within Census tract and block group: (1) households below the federal poverty level (2) persons on public assistance (3) female-headed households with children (4) persons unemployed, and (5) share of population that is black. |
U.S. Census Bureau - 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses |
Not reported by authors |
Neighborhood Disadvantage index |
An average of the standardized values for five elements in each Census tract and block group number: (1) percentage of households below the federal poverty level, (2) percentage of persons on public assistance, (3) percentage of female-headed households with children, (4) percentage of persons unemployed, (5) percentage of population that is black. This average was weighted by intervals between the Censuses when participant assessments were conducted. The weighted scores represent the degree of concentrated disadvantage in the neighborhood in terms of national averages, weighted by intervals to the Census. |
Author calculation from public data |
Not reported by author |
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 years | Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 569 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 1.54 | Unadjusted mean = 1.60 | Mean difference = -0.06 | Study reported = -0.04 | p = 0.78 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 657 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.30 | Unadjusted mean = 2.21 | Mean difference = 0.09 | Study reported = 0.05 | p = 0.7 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
54 months | Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 626 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.40 | Unadjusted mean = 2.28 | Mean difference = 0.12 | Study reported = 0.06 | p = 0.63 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 years | Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 627 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 1.86 | Unadjusted mean = 2.04 | Mean difference = -0.18 | Study reported = -0.11 | p = 0.38 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 years | Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) | 617 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 1.93 | Unadjusted mean = 1.93 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.00 | p = 0.99 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Neighborhood Disadvantage index |
Weighted average of the standardized values for the following percentages within Census tract and block group: (1) households below the federal poverty level (2) persons on public assistance (3) female-headed households with children (4) persons unemployed, and (5) share of population that is black. |
U.S. Census Bureau - 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses |
Not reported by authors |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | An average of the standardized values for five elements in each Census tract and block group number: (1) percentage of households below the federal poverty level, (2) percentage of persons on public assistance, (3) percentage of female-headed households with children, (4) percentage of persons unemployed, (5) percentage of population that is black. This average was weighted by intervals between the Censuses when participant assessments were conducted. The weighted scores represent the degree of concentrated disadvantage in the neighborhood in terms of national averages, weighted by intervals to the Census. |
Author calculation from public data |
Not reported by author |
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Months employed (1–12 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 406 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.35 | Adjusted mean = 3.97 | Mean difference = 0.38 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Months employed (13–24 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 419 mothers | Adjusted mean = 6.87 | Adjusted mean = 5.73 | Mean difference = 1.14 | Not available | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05 |
| Months on AFDC (1–12 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 406 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.31 | Adjusted mean = 2.35 | Mean difference = -0.04 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Months on AFDC (13–24 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 419 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.95 | Adjusted mean = 1.92 | Mean difference = 0.03 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Months employed |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
Months on AFDC |
Counts of the number of months the mother received AFDC | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
NFP with Nurse Home Visitors - Mothers with low psychological resources subgroup
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4 years | Denver, CO- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) - low psychological resources | 152 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.18 | Unadjusted mean = 0.40 | Mean difference = -0.22 | Study reported = -0.23 | p = 0.16 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | Weighted average of the standardized values for the following percentages within Census tract and block group: (1) households below the federal poverty level (2) persons on public assistance (3) female-headed households with children (4) persons unemployed, and (5) share of population that is black. |
U.S. Census Bureau - 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses |
Not reported by authors |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | An average of the standardized values for five elements in each Census tract and block group number: (1) percentage of households below the federal poverty level, (2) percentage of persons on public assistance, (3) percentage of female-headed households with children, (4) percentage of persons unemployed, (5) percentage of population that is black. This average was weighted by intervals between the Censuses when participant assessments were conducted. The weighted scores represent the degree of concentrated disadvantage in the neighborhood in terms of national averages, weighted by intervals to the Census. |
Author calculation from public data |
Not reported by author |
NFP with Nurse Home Visitors - Mothers with low psychological resources subgroup
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 years | Elmira, NY - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) - high risk (unmarried, low SES) | 78 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.57 | Unadjusted mean = 0.52 | Mean difference = 0.05 | Study reported = 0.04 | p = 0.86 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4 years | Elmira, NY - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) - high risk (unmarried, low SES) | 100 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.83 | Unadjusted mean = 0.91 | Mean difference = -0.08 | Study reported = -0.06 | p = 0.79 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Neighborhood Disadvantage index |
Weighted average of the standardized values for the following percentages within Census tract and block group: (1) households below the federal poverty level (2) persons on public assistance (3) female-headed households with children (4) persons unemployed, and (5) share of population that is black. |
U.S. Census Bureau - 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses |
Not reported by authors |
Neighborhood Disadvantage index |
An average of the standardized values for five elements in each Census tract and block group number: (1) percentage of households below the federal poverty level, (2) percentage of persons on public assistance, (3) percentage of female-headed households with children, (4) percentage of persons unemployed, (5) percentage of population that is black. This average was weighted by intervals between the Censuses when participant assessments were conducted. The weighted scores represent the degree of concentrated disadvantage in the neighborhood in terms of national averages, weighted by intervals to the Census. |
Author calculation from public data |
Not reported by author |
NFP with Nurse Home Visitors - Mothers with low psychological resources subgroup
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 years | Memphis, TN Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) - low psychological resources | 308 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.03 | Unadjusted mean = 1.74 | Mean difference = 0.29 | Study reported = 0.19 | p = 0.11 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | Memphis, TN Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) - low psychological resources | 338 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.48 | Unadjusted mean = 2.51 | Mean difference = -0.03 | Study reported = -0.02 | p = 0.88 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
54 months | Memphis, TN Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) - low psychological resources | 325 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.52 | Unadjusted mean = 2.71 | Mean difference = -0.19 | Study reported = -0.11 | p = 0.35 | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 years | Memphis, TN Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) - low psychological resources | 332 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.84 | Unadjusted mean = 2.34 | Mean difference = 0.50 | Study reported = 0.30 | p = 0.01 | footnote163Positive value is favorable to the comparison group. |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Neighborhood Disadvantage index |
Weighted average of the standardized values for the following percentages within Census tract and block group: (1) households below the federal poverty level (2) persons on public assistance (3) female-headed households with children (4) persons unemployed, and (5) share of population that is black. |
U.S. Census Bureau - 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses |
Not reported by authors |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage index | An average of the standardized values for five elements in each Census tract and block group number: (1) percentage of households below the federal poverty level, (2) percentage of persons on public assistance, (3) percentage of female-headed households with children, (4) percentage of persons unemployed, (5) percentage of population that is black. This average was weighted by intervals between the Censuses when participant assessments were conducted. The weighted scores represent the degree of concentrated disadvantage in the neighborhood in terms of national averages, weighted by intervals to the Census. |
Author calculation from public data |
Not reported by author |
NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graduated from high school or earned GED | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 431 mothers | = 0.82 | = 0.76 | OR = 1.39 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.20 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 |
| Months mother employed (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 15.13 | Adjusted mean = 13.38 | Mean difference = 1.75 | Study reported = 0.11 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 |
| Months of AFDC (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.95 | Adjusted mean = 2.10 | Mean difference = -0.15 | Study reported = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.78 |
| Months of food stamps (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.56 | Adjusted mean = 3.98 | Mean difference = 0.58 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.47 |
| Months of Medicaid (25–48 months postpartum) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-year follow-up | Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) | 431 mothers | Adjusted mean = 8.08 | Adjusted mean = 6.98 | Mean difference = 1.10 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.26 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
Graduated from high school or earned GED |
Percentage of mothers who had earned a high school diploma or GED |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Months mother employed (25–48 months postpartum) |
Counts of the number of months the mother was employed. The outcome was measured for the period of 25 to 48 months postpartum |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Months on AFDC (25–48 months postpartum) |
Counts of the number of months the mother received AFDC. The outcome was measured for the period of 25 to 48 months postpartum |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Months on food stamps (25–48 months postpartum) |
Counts of the number of months the mother received food stamps. The outcome was measured for the period of 25 to 48 months postpartum |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Months on Medicaid (25–48 months postpartum) |
Counts of the number of months the mother received Medicaid. The outcome was measured for the period of 25 to 48 months postpartum |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |