Last updated: June 2018
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Always receive social and emotional help needed | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted proportion = 0.89 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.67 | Mean difference = 0.22 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.82 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 | Secondary | footnote388Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on frequency of social and emotional support that included seven possible responses. Authors analyzed all seven responses collectively using a mixed effect linear model; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. |
|
| Always receive social and emotional help needed | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted proportion = 0.97 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.67 | Mean difference = 0.29 | HomeVEE calculated = 1.60 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 | Secondary | footnote388Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on frequency of social and emotional support that included seven possible responses. Authors analyzed all seven responses collectively using a mixed effect linear model; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. |
|
| Always receive social and emotional help needed | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted proportion = 0.96 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.43 | Mean difference = 0.53 | HomeVEE calculated = 2.04 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 | Secondary | footnote388Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on frequency of social and emotional support that included seven possible responses. Authors analyzed all seven responses collectively using a mixed effect linear model; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. |
|
| Average number of prenatal visits during pregnancy | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
Not reported | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted mean = 9.00 | Unadjusted mean = 9.20 | Mean difference = -0.20 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.48 | Secondary | footnote386Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using an independent t-test. |
|
| Median Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted median = 0.00 | Unadjusted median = 3.00 | Median difference = -3.00 | Not available | Not reported | Secondary | footnote387Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a mixed effect linear model. Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
|
| Median Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted median = 0.00 | Unadjusted median = 5.00 | Median difference = -5.00 | Not available | Not reported | Secondary | footnote387Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a mixed effect linear model. Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
|
| Median Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted median = 0.00 | Unadjusted median = 0.00 | Median difference = 0.00 | Not available | Not reported | Secondary | footnote387Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a mixed effect linear model. Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
|
| Median Parenting Stress Index (PSI) total stress score | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted median = 74.00 | Unadjusted median = 76.00 | Median difference = -2.00 | Not available | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 | Primary | footnote387Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a mixed effect linear model. Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
|
| Median Parenting Stress Index (PSI) total stress score | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted median = 74.00 | Unadjusted median = 76.00 | Median difference = -2.00 | Not available | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 | Primary | footnote387Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a mixed effect linear model. Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
|
| Median Parenting Stress Index (PSI) total stress score | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted median = 74.00 | Unadjusted median = 77.00 | Median difference = -3.00 | Not available | Statistically significant, p = <0.001 | Primary | footnote387Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a mixed effect linear model. Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
|
| Never receive social and emotional help needed | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 months postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted proportion = 0.01 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.00 | Mean difference = 0.01 | HomeVEE calculated = 5.62 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 | Secondary | footnote389Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on frequency of social and emotional support that included seven possible responses. Authors analyzed all seven responses collectively using a mixed effect linear model; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention. |
|
| Never receive social and emotional help needed | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted proportion = 0.00 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.00 | Mean difference = 0.00 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 1.00 | Secondary | footnote389Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on frequency of social and emotional support that included seven possible responses. Authors analyzed all seven responses collectively using a mixed effect linear model; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention. |
|
| Never receive social and emotional help needed | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
6 months postpartum | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted proportion = 0.00 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.00 | Mean difference = 0.00 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 1.00 | Secondary | footnote389Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on frequency of social and emotional support that included seven possible responses. Authors analyzed all seven responses collectively using a mixed effect linear model; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention. |
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Always receive social and emotional help needed |
Mothers were asked how often they received the social and emotional support needed, with response options being Always, Usually, Sometimes, Rarely, Never, Don't Know, or to refuse to respond. | Mother report | Not reported by author |
Secondary | |
Average number of prenatal visits during pregnancy |
Question developed for the MIHOW Program | Mother report | Not reported by author |
Secondary | |
Median Parenting Stress Index (PSI) total stress score |
The PSI measures parental distress, parent-child dysfunction interaction, and difficult child. | Mother report | Cronbach's alpha of 0.88-0.89 |
Primary | |
Median score on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) |
The EPDS measures depressive symptoms using a 10-question structured interview guide. | Mother report | Cronbach's alpha of 0.87-0.88 |
Secondary | |
Never receive social and emotional help needed |
Mothers were asked how often they received the social and emotional support needed, with response options being Always, Usually, Sometimes, Rarely, Never, Don't Know, or to refuse to respond. | Mother report | Not reported by author |
Secondary |
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median score on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
Prenatal, at 35 weeks | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted median = 0.00 | Unadjusted median = 4.00 | Median difference = -4.00 | Not available | Not reported | Secondary | footnote387Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a mixed effect linear model. Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
|
| Percentage reporting having received prenatal care | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
Not reported | Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials | Unadjusted mean = 0.99 | Unadjusted mean = 0.99 | Mean difference = 0.00 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.96 | Secondary | footnote390Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test of independence. |
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median score on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) |
The EPDS measures depressive symptoms using a 10-question structured interview guide. | Mother report | Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87-0.88 |
Secondary | |
Percentage reporting having received prenatal care |
Question from the Perinatal Risk Assessment Monitory System Survey | Mother report | Not reported by author |
Secondary |
