Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting-Sensitive Discipline^® (VIPP-SD)

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2019

Effects shown in research & outcome measure details

Positive parenting practices

Findings rated high

Green, J., Charman, T., Pickles, A., Wan, M. W., Elsabbagh, M., Slonims, V., . . . Jones, E. J. (2015). Parent-mediated intervention versus no intervention for infants at high risk of autism: A parallel, single-blind, randomised trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(2), 133–140.

Adapted Video Interaction to Promote Positive Parenting (iBASIS - VIPP)

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Manchester Assessment of Caregiver-Infant Interaction (MACI) Caregiver non-directiveness	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	5 months	iBASIS-VIPP vs. usual care, London and Manchester	54 dyads	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	= 0.81	Statistically significant, p < 0.05
Manchester Assessment of Caregiver-Infant Interaction (MACI) Caregiver sensitive responding	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	5 months	iBASIS-VIPP vs. usual care, London and Manchester	54 dyads	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	= -0.06	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties
Manchester Assessment of Caregiver-Infant Interaction (MACI) Caregiver non-directiveness	The Manchester Assessment of Caregiver-Infant Interaction (MACI) is a collection of scales used to evaluate qualitative aspects of caregiver-child interaction observed in videotaped play.	Trained observation	Authors report this measure is validated and demonstrates high inter-rater agreement during the study.
Manchester Assessment of Caregiver-Infant Interaction (MACI) Caregiver sensitive responding	The Manchester Assessment of Caregiver-Infant Interaction (MACI) is a collection of scales used to evaluate qualitative aspects of caregiver-child interaction observed in videotaped play.	Trained observation	Authors report this measure is validated and demonstrates high inter-rater agreement during the study.

Findings rated moderate

Van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., Stolk, M. N., . . . Alink, L. R. (2006). Attachment-based intervention for enhancing sensitive discipline in mothers of 1-to 3-year-old children at risk for externalizing behavior problems: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 994–1005.

Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting adapted to Autism (VIPP-AUTI)

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Maternal attitudes questionnaire: sensitive discipline	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	1 year	VIPP-SD vs. comparison, western Netherlands	242 dyads	Adjusted mean = 60.71	Adjusted mean = 57.37	MD = 3.34	= 0.27	Statistically significant, p = 0.04	footnote1452 Submitted by user on Thu, 05/09/2019 - 19:33 The p-value is based on a MANOVA that controls for child sex and age and dichotomous variables for child temperament, daily hassles, marital discord, maternal well-being, and the educational attainment of those delivering VIPP-SD.
Maternal attitudes questionnaire: sensitivity	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	1 year	VIPP-SD vs. comparison, western Netherlands	242 dyads	Adjusted mean = 65.01	Adjusted mean = 59.24	MD = 5.77	= 0.56	Statistically significant, p = 0.00	footnote1452 Submitted by user on Thu, 05/09/2019 - 19:33 The p-value is based on a MANOVA that controls for child sex and age and dichotomous variables for child temperament, daily hassles, marital discord, maternal well-being, and the educational attainment of those delivering VIPP-SD.
Maternal negative discipline	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	1 year	VIPP-SD vs. comparison, western Netherlands	242 dyads	Unadjusted mean = -0.07	Unadjusted mean = 0.07	MD = -0.14	= -0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.65	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Maternal positive discipline	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	1 year	VIPP-SD vs. comparison, western Netherlands	242 dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.35	Unadjusted mean = -0.36	MD = 0.71	= 0.34	Statistically significant, p = 0.01
Maternal sensitivity	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	1 year	VIPP-SD vs. comparison, western Netherlands	242 dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.00	Unadjusted mean = 0.00	MD = 0.00	= 0.00	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties
Maternal attitudes questionnaire: sensitive discipline	The maternal attitudes questionnaire was adapted from scales developed by Bakermans-Kranenburg & Van IJzendoorn (2003). It is designed to gauge maternal opinion of sensitive discipline practices. The maternal attitudes toward sensitive discipline subscale involved 10 of the items in the questionnaire.	Mother report	Authors reported that this measure is internally consistent, with a Cronbach's alpha of .58
Maternal attitudes questionnaire: sensitivity	The maternal attitudes questionnaire was adapted from scales developed by Bakermans-Kranenburg & Van IJzendoorn (2003). It is designed to gauge maternal opinion of sensitive discipline practices. The maternal attitudes toward sensitivity subscale involved 9 of the items in the questionnaire.	Mother report	Authors reported that this measure is internally consistent, with a Cronbach's alpha of .54
Maternal negative discipline	The maternal positive discipline measure rates negative discipline actions by mothers in mother-child dyadic interaction. Interactions involving prohibition, physical obstruction, and giving in were considered negative.	Trained observation	Authors reported that this measure was internally consistent and that subscale scores were standardized prior to being added. Inter-rater reliability was 0.85.
Maternal positive discipline	The maternal positive discipline measure rates positive discipline actions by mothers in mother-child dyadic interaction. Interactions involving distraction, induction, and understanding were considered positive.	Trained observation	Authors reported that this measure was internally consistent and that subscale scores were standardized prior to being added. Inter-rater reliability was 0.85.
Maternal sensitivity	The maternal sensitivity measure was adapted by the authors from scales developed by Egeland et al. (1990). It is designed to rate sensitive actions by mothers in mother-child dyadic interaction.	Trained observation	Authors reported that this measure was internally consistent and that subscale scores were standardized prior to being added. Inter-rater reliability ranges from 0.71 to 0.80.

Poslawsky, I. E., Naber, F. B., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van Daalen, E., van Engeland, H., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting adapted to Autism (VIPP-AUTI): A randomized controlled trial. Autism, 19(5), 588–603.

Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting adapted to Autism (VIPP-AUTI)

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Parental Emotional Availability Scales (EAS): Non-intrusiveness	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Immediate post-test	VIPP-AUTI vs. usual care, Utrecht	76 dyads	Adjusted mean = 4.06	Adjusted mean = 3.94	MD = 0.12	= 0.47	Statistically significant, p = 0.04
Parental Emotional Availability Scales (EAS): Sensitivity	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Immediate post-test	VIPP-AUTI vs. usual care, Utrecht	76 dyads	Adjusted mean = 6.34	Adjusted mean = 6.36	MD = -0.02	= 0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.56
Parental Emotional Availability Scales (EAS): Structuring	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Immediate post-test	VIPP-AUTI vs. usual care, Utrecht	76 dyads	Adjusted mean = 3.74	Adjusted mean = 3.82	MD = -0.08	= 0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.59

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties
Parental Emotional Availability Scales (EAS): Non-intrusiveness	The Parental Emotional Availability Scales (EAS): Non-intrusiveness scale measures parent-child interactions for absence of interfering, overprotectiveness, and overwhelming behaviors.	Observer-rated	Scale from 1 to 5. Interrater reliability for the non-intrusiveness scale was 0.77.
Parental Emotional Availability Scales (EAS): Sensitivity	The Parental Emotional Availability Scales (EAS): Sensitivity scale measures parent-child interactions for parent's responsiveness to child's emotional signals and adjusting communication style for child's emotions.	Observer-rated	Scale from 1 to 9. Interrater reliability for the sensitivity scale was 0.77.
Parental Emotional Availability Scales (EAS): Structuring	The Parental Emotional Availability Scales (EAS): Structuring scale measures parent-child interactions for parent's ability to support child's learning and exploration and respect autonomy.	Observer-rated	Scale from 1 to 5. Interrater reliability for the structuring scale was 0.78.

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