footnote162
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
SafeCare®
Entries in this row combine information across all versions of SafeCare except for SafeCare Augmented. The main version of SafeCare has no high- or moderate-quality impact studies. Some other versions of SafeCare have at least one such study, but no version of the model other than SafeCare Augmented meets HHS criteria for an evidence-based home visiting model. Planned Activities Training (a SafeCare module) and Cellular Phone Enhanced Planned Activities Training (a SafeCare module with an add-on) show evidence of effectiveness.
Last updated: July 2018
Effects Shown in Research & Outcome Measure Details
Maternal Health
Outcomes Rated High
SafeCare Augmented
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BDI-2 | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
10 months | Rural Southwest | 105 families | Mean = 14.90 | Mean = 15.40 | Mean difference = -0.05 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| BDI-2 | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
17 months | Rural Southwest | 105 families | Mean = 15.50 | Mean = 11.20 | Mean difference = 4.30 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.31 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Primary |
| DIS alcohol module | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
10 months | Rural Southwest | 105 families | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
| DIS alcohol module | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
17 months | Rural Southwest | 105 families | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
| DIS drug module | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
10 months | Rural Southwest | 105 families | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
| DIS drug module | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
17 months | Rural Southwest | 105 families | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BDI-2 |
The Beck Depression Inventory 2(BDI-2) is a 21-item multiple-choice instrument designed to measure symptoms of depression. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not reported by author |
Primary | |
DIS drug and alcohol module |
The Diagnostic Inventory Schedule (DIS) is an interview based on the Dignostic and Statistical Analysis of Mental Disorders. The authors used a modified self-report instrument, which has been used in past studies. The alcohol and drug modules were included in the study. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not reported by author |
Secondary |
SafeCare: Cellular Phone Enhanced Planned Activities Training Module
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
6 months | Cellular Phone Enhanced Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 221 mothers | Adjusted mean = 6.12 | Adjusted mean = 8.25 | Mean difference = -2.52 | Study reported = 0.31 | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05 | Secondary | |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
Posttest | Cellular Phone Enhanced Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 224 mothers | Adjusted mean = 7.52 | Adjusted mean = 8.70 | Mean difference = -1.59 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.17 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary | |
| Mild to severe depression | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
6 months | Cellular Phone Enhanced Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 221 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 | Secondary | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Mild to severe depression | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
Posttest | Cellular Phone Enhanced Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 224 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p = 0.05 | Secondary | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
| Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
Posttest | Cellular Phone Enhanced Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 229 mothers | Adjusted mean = 68.91 | Adjusted mean = 73.33 | Mean difference = -5.61 | Study reported = 0.27 | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05 | Secondary | footnote162Negative value is favorable to the intervention. |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) |
Mean score on BDI-II; BDI-II was used to assess depressive mood and somatic complaints. |
Parent/caregiver report |
internal consistency coefficients ranged from 0.92 to 0.93 |
Secondary | |
Mild to severe depression |
Percentage of mothers exhibiting mild to severe depression on the BDI-II |
Parent/caregiver report |
internal consistency coefficients ranged from 0.92 to 0.93 |
Secondary | |
Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) |
PSI -SF14 was used to assess maternal parenting stress. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Internal consistencies were very good to excellent |
Secondary |
SafeCare: Planned Activities Training Module
Show Study Effects Details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up Timing | Sample | Sample Size | Program Group | Comparison Group | Group Difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Outcome Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
6 months | Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 249 mothers | Adjusted mean = 8.37 | Adjusted mean = 8.25 | Mean difference = -0.50 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
Posttest | Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 251 mothers | Adjusted mean = 7.88 | Adjusted mean = 8.70 | Mean difference = -1.27 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
| Mild to severe depression | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
6 months | Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 249 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
| Mild to severe depression | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
Posttest | Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 251 mothers | Percentage = 0.05 | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
| Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) | FavorableUnfavorableNo Effect |
Posttest | Planned Activities Training vs. Control | 258 mothers | Adjusted mean = 72.30 | Adjusted mean = 73.33 | Mean difference = -2.78 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | Secondary |
Show Study Outcome Measure Summary
| Outcome Measure | Outcome Measure Description | Collection method | Properties | Outcome Type | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) |
Mean score on BDI-II; BDI-II was used to assess depressive mood and somatic complaints. |
Parent/caregiver report |
internal consistency coefficients ranged from 0.92 to 0.93 |
Secondary | |
Mild to severe depression |
Percentage of mothers exhibiting mild to severe depression on the BDI-II |
Parent/caregiver report |
internal consistency coefficients ranged from 0.92 to 0.93 |
Secondary | |
Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) |
PSI -SF14 was used to assess maternal parenting stress. |
Parent/caregiver report |
Internal consistencies were very good to excellent |
Secondary |