footnote449
Effect size is a Cohen's d.
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2019
To see details on each finding HomVEE reviewed in well-designed research, click on the name of an outcome domain.
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day Night Task | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 136 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.29 |
Preschool Language Scale Fourth Edition (PLS-4) - Auditory | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 133 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.38 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
Preschool Language Scale Fourth Edition (PLS-4) - Total | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 127 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.37 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day Night Task (adjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 147 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.23 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.16 | footnote449Effect size is a Cohen's d. |
Tower Clean Up Task Duration (adjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 126 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 | footnote449Effect size is a Cohen's d. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPVT | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-program | 1973 – 1975 cohorts | 111 children | Mean = 91.60 | Mean = 91.28 | Mean difference = 0.32 | HomVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
PPVT | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-program | 1973 – 1974 cohorts | 82 children | Mean = 89.48 | Mean = 90.36 | MD = -0.88 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Stanford-Binet | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-program | 1973 – 1976 cohorts | 166 children | Mean = 104.05 | Mean = 103.54 | Mean difference = 0.51 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ: SE) (unadjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 112 children | Unadjusted mean = -0.11 | Unadjusted mean = 0.00 | MD = -0.11 | Study reported = -0.11 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 | HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Day Night Task (unadjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 149 children | Unadjusted mean = 12.16 | Unadjusted mean = 10.58 | MD = 1.58 | HomVEE calculated = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.29 | HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Preschool Language Scale Fourth Edition (PLS-4) - Auditory (unadjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 144 children | Unadjusted mean = 95.27 | Unadjusted mean = 91.80 | MD = 3.47 | HomVEE calculated = 0.29 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.09 | HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Preschool Language Scale Fourth Edition (PLS-4) - Expressive (unadjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 144 children | Unadjusted mean = 98.39 | Unadjusted mean = 95.13 | MD = 3.26 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.21 | HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Preschool Language Scale Fourth Edition (PLS-4) - Total (unadjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 141 children | Unadjusted mean = 96.89 | Unadjusted mean = 92.46 | MD = 4.43 | HomVEE calculated = 0.32 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.06 | HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Tower Clean Up Task Duration (unadjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 127 children | Unadjusted mean = 57.66 | Unadjusted mean = 51.89 | MD = 5.77 | HomVEE calculated = 0.20 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.27 | HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Tower Clean Up Task Time to Start (unadjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 142 children | Unadjusted mean = 14.92 | Unadjusted mean = 14.62 | MD = 0.30 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.95 | HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent as a Teacher Inventory (PAAT) - Total | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 144 parents | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.64 |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Interactive Behavior | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-program | 1973 – 1976 cohorts | 114 mothers | Mean = 282.38 | Mean = 185.95 | Mean difference = 96.43 | HomVEE calculated = 0.96 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent as a Teacher Total (PAAT) (unadjusted) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 months | ParentChild+ vs. comparison, northeastern U.S., Study 2 full sample | 150 parents | Unadjusted mean = 137.71 | Unadjusted mean = 136.97 | MD = 0.74 | HomVEE calculated = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.58 | HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Title | General population | Tribal population | Domains with favorable effects |
---|---|---|---|
ParentChild+® Core Model | Does not meet HHS criteria because the findings from high- or moderate-rated effectiveness studies of the model do not meet all required criteria. | Does not meet HHS criteria for tribal population because the model has not been evaluated with a tribal population. |
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ParentChild+ (formerly the Parent-Child Home Program) focuses on promoting children’s social-emotional development and cognitive competencies by increasing and enhancing the quantity and quality of caregiver-child verbal and non-verbal interaction. ParentChild+ can be used one-on-one with parents and with family child care providers responsible for group care. The HomVEE review is based on the ParentChild+ Core Model, the version of ParentChild+ used with parents in the home. The ParentChild+ Core Model is designed for families with 2- to 3-year-old children and a variety of risk factors—such as parents with low levels of education and teen mothers. Families participate in 92 home visits over 46 weeks. The 46-week program is divided into two cycles of twice weekly visits over 23 weeks each to provide program sites flexibility in terms of how they implement the entire 46 weeks of programming. Home visitors model behaviors for enhancing children’s development, rather than directly instructing parents, and provide books, toys, and activities for parents to use with their children. Home visitors also provide referrals to social supports and educational services.
For more information, see the research database. For more information on the criteria used to rate research, please see details of HomVEE’s methods and standards.