Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)® Meets HHS Criteria

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2024

Effects shown in research

Reductions in juvenile delinquency, family violence, and crime

Findings rated high

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes

Arrested, lifetime

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.11 Adjusted proportion = 0.32 Mean difference = -0.20 Study reported = 0.33

Statistically significant, p= <0.05

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

The reported effect size is the relative risk, which is expressed as a positive value.

Arrested, lifetime
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 21.00 Adjusted mean % = 37.00 Difference = -0.16 Study reported = -0.48 Statistically significant, p < 0.05
Arrested, lifetime
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 30.00 Adjusted mean % = 37.00 Difference = -0.07 Study reported = -0.20 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Arrested, lifetime - 15 year follow-up

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (boys)

124 children Adjusted proportion = 0.20 Adjusted proportion = 0.27 Mean difference = -0.14 HomVEE calculated = -1.30

Statistically significant, p = 0.00

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Arrested, lifetime - 15 year follow-up

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (boys)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.02 Adjusted proportion = 0.17 Mean difference = 0.30 HomVEE calculated = -0.10

Not statistically significant, p = 0.88

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Arrested, past year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.02 Adjusted proportion = 0.04 Mean difference = -0.02 HomVEE calculated = -0.36

Not statistically significant, p = 0.61

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Arrested, past year
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 8.00 Adjusted mean % = 6.00 Difference = 0.03 Study reported = 0.03 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Arrested, past year
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 12.00 Adjusted mean % = 6.00 Difference = 0.06 Study reported = 0.49 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Convicted, lifetime

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.05 Adjusted proportion = 0.23 Mean difference = -0.19 Study reported = 0.20

Statistically significant, p= <0.05

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

The reported effect size is the relative risk, which is expressed as a positive value.

Convicted, lifetime
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 12.00 Adjusted mean % = 28.00 Difference = -0.16 Study reported = -0.64 Statistically significant, p < 0.05
Convicted, lifetime
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 23.00 Adjusted mean % = 28.00 Difference = -0.05 Study reported = -0.16 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Convicted, past year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.02 Adjusted proportion = 0.03 Mean difference = 0.00 HomVEE calculated = -0.10

Not statistically significant, p = 0.89

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Convicted, past year
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 8.00 Adjusted mean % = 4.00 Difference = 0.03 Study reported = 0.34 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Convicted, past year
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 10.00 Adjusted mean % = 4.00 Difference = 0.06 Study reported = 0.56 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Felony assault

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.00 Adjusted proportion = 0.06 Mean difference = -0.05 HomVEE calculated = -2.46

Not statistically significant, p = 0.40

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Felony assault
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 3.00 Adjusted mean % = 7.00 Difference = -0.05 Study reported = -0.64 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Felony assault
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 3.00 Adjusted mean % = 7.00 Difference = -0.04 Study reported = -0.52 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Fraud

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.00 Adjusted proportion = 0.03 Mean difference = -0.03 HomVEE calculated = -2.01

Not statistically significant, p = 0.49

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Fraud
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 2.00 Adjusted mean % = 4.00 Difference = -0.03 Study reported = -0.67 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Fraud
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 5.00 Adjusted mean % = 4.00 Difference = 0.01 Study reported = 0.09 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Illegal services

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.02 Adjusted proportion = 0.04 Mean difference = -0.02 HomVEE calculated = -0.36

Not statistically significant, p = 0.61

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Illegal services
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 4.00 Adjusted mean % = 7.00 Difference = -0.03 Study reported = -0.34 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Illegal services
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 6.00 Adjusted mean % = 7.00 Difference = -0.01 Study reported = -0.07 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Minor assault

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.09 Adjusted proportion = 0.07 Mean difference = 0.02 HomVEE calculated = 0.19

Not statistically significant, p = 0.65

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Minor assault
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 27.00 Adjusted mean % = 26.00 Difference = 0.01 Study reported = 0.03 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Minor assault
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 23.00 Adjusted mean % = 26.00 Difference = -0.03 Study reported = -0.10 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Minor theft

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.05 Adjusted proportion = 0.06 Mean difference = -0.01 HomVEE calculated = -0.13

Not statistically significant, p = 0.81

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Minor theft
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 8.00 Adjusted mean % = 11.00 Difference = -0.03 Study reported = -0.25 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Minor theft
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 9.00 Adjusted mean % = 11.00 Difference = -0.02 Study reported = -0.14 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Number of arrests, lifetime

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted mean = 0.10 Adjusted mean = 0.54 Mean difference = -0.44 Study reported = 0.18

Statistically significant, p= <0.05

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

The reported effect size is the relative risk, which is expressed as a positive value.

Number of arrests, lifetime
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children Adjusted mean = 0.37 Adjusted mean = 0.86 Mean difference = -0.49 Not available Statistically significant, p < 0.05
Number of arrests, lifetime
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children Adjusted mean = 0.52 Adjusted mean = 0.86 Mean difference = -0.34 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Number of arrests, past year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted mean = 0.02 Adjusted mean = 0.11 Mean difference = -0.09 HomVEE calculated = -2.64

Statistically significant, p = 0.00

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Number of arrests, past year
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children Adjusted mean = 0.11 Adjusted mean = 0.06 Mean difference = 0.05 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Number of arrests, past year
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children Adjusted mean = 0.10 Adjusted mean = 0.06 Mean difference = 0.04 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Number of convictions, lifetime

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted mean = 0.04 Adjusted mean = 0.37 Mean difference = -0.33 Study reported = 0.11

Statistically significant, p= <0.05

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

The reported effect size is the relative risk, which is expressed as a positive value.

Number of convictions, lifetime
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children Adjusted mean = 0.20 Adjusted mean = 0.58 Mean difference = -0.38 Not available Statistically significant, p < 0.05
Number of convictions, lifetime
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children Adjusted mean = 0.33 Adjusted mean = 0.58 Mean difference = -0.25 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Number of convictions, past year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted mean = 0.02 Adjusted mean = 0.10 Mean difference = -0.08 HomVEE calculated = -2.34

Statistically significant, p = 0.00

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Number of convictions, past year
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children Adjusted mean = 0.10 Adjusted mean = 0.05 Mean difference = 0.05 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Number of convictions, past year
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children Adjusted mean = 0.09 Adjusted mean = 0.05 Mean difference = 0.04 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Public disorder

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.27 Adjusted proportion = 0.21 Mean difference = 0.07 HomVEE calculated = 0.23

Not statistically significant, p = 0.40

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Public disorder
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 30.00 Adjusted mean % = 26.00 Difference = 0.04 Study reported = 0.13 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Public disorder
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 32.00 Adjusted mean % = 26.00 Difference = 0.06 Study reported = 0.18 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Vandalism

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.07 Adjusted proportion = 0.03 Mean difference = 0.04 HomVEE calculated = 0.59

Not statistically significant, p = 0.30

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Vandalism
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 5.00 Adjusted mean % = 7.00 Difference = -0.02 Study reported = -0.24 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Vandalism
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 7.00 Adjusted mean % = 7.00 Difference = -0.01 Study reported = -0.06 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Ever arrested
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers and 578 children % (adjusted) = 3.10 Adjusted mean % = 3.10 Difference = 0.00 HomVEE calculated = 0.00 Not statistically significant
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes

Ever in a gang

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014, full sample

625 children Adjusted proportion = 0.11 Adjusted proportion = 0.09 Odds ratio = 1.35 HomVEE calculated = 0.18

Not statistically significant, p= 0.27

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Submitted by barbara on

HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.

Number of arrests

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014, full sample

629 children Adjusted mean = 0.36 Adjusted mean = 0.35 Incidence rate = 0.01 Study reported = 1.02

Not statistically significant, p= 0.93

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Number of arrests

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014; Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability

324 children Adjusted mean = 0.19 Adjusted mean = 0.23 Incidence rate = -0.04 Study reported = 0.84

Not statistically significant, p= 0.65

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Number of convictions

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014, full sample

629 children Adjusted mean = 0.24 Adjusted mean = 0.28 Incidence rate = -0.04 Study reported = 0.86

Not statistically significant, p= 0.59

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Number of convictions

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014; Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability

324 children Adjusted mean = 0.10 Adjusted mean = 0.21 Incidence rate = -0.11 Study reported = 0.47

Not statistically significant, p= 0.08

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Number of interpersonal violence arrests

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014, full sample

629 children Adjusted mean = 0.19 Adjusted mean = 0.14 Incidence rate = 0.05 Study reported = 1.39

Not statistically significant, p= 0.32

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Number of interpersonal violence arrests

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014; Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

324 children Adjusted mean = 0.14 Adjusted mean = 0.09 Incidence rate = 0.05 Study reported = 1.48

Not statistically significant, p= 0.42

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Number of interpersonal violence convictions

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014, full sample

629 children Adjusted mean = 0.13 Adjusted mean = 0.10 Incidence rate = 0.03 Study reported = 1.33

Not statistically significant, p= 0.43

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Number of interpersonal violence convictions

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014; Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

324 children Adjusted mean = 0.07 Adjusted mean = 0.08 Incidence rate = -0.01 Study reported = 0.81

Not statistically significant, p= 0.69

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes

Received any domestic violence services

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

908 mothers Adjusted proportion = 0.01 Adjusted proportion = 0.03 Difference = -0.02 Study reported = -0.49

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available.

Received any services from a domestic violence shelter

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

906 mothers Adjusted proportion = 0.01 Adjusted proportion = 0.02 Difference = -0.01 Study reported = -0.34

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available.

Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), maternal experience with physical or sexual violence

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

904 mothers Adjusted proportion = 0.03 Adjusted proportion = 0.07 Difference = -0.04 Study reported = -0.52

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available. The study reported this finding was statistically significant (p = 0.01) prior to a multiple comparisons adjustment.

Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), maternal perpetration of physical violence

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

903 mothers Adjusted proportion = 0.06 Adjusted proportion = 0.09 Difference = -0.03 Study reported = -0.25

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available.

Women's Experiences with Battering Scale (WEB)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

898 mothers Adjusted proportion = 0.04 Adjusted proportion = 0.04 Difference = -0.01 Study reported = -0.10

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
NYS arrests (incidence; administrative records)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.34 Adjusted mean = 0.38 Mean difference = -0.04 Not available Statistical significance not reported
NYS arrests (incidence; administrative records)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.12 Adjusted mean = 0.38 Mean difference = -0.26 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
NYS convictions (incidence; administrative records)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.28 Adjusted mean = 0.27 Mean difference = 0.01 Not available Statistical significance not reported
NYS convictions (incidence; administrative records)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.12 Adjusted mean = 0.27 Mean difference = -0.15 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Arrests (incidence; self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 226 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.16 Adjusted mean = 0.22 Mean difference = -0.06 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Submitted by user on

Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High.

Arrests (incidence; self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 244 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.09 Adjusted mean = 0.22 Mean difference = -0.13 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Submitted by user on

Information on sample sizes for this study was received through communication with the authors. HomVEE previously rated 24-month outcomes for nurse home visitors Moderate due to high attrition. Upon further examination, HomVEE noted that the outcomes had low attrition, and therefore they rate High.

Convictions (incidence; self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.05 Adjusted mean = 0.13 Mean difference = -0.08 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Convictions (incidence; self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.03 Adjusted mean = 0.13 Mean difference = -0.10 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Days in jail (incidence; self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.13 Adjusted mean = 0.65 Mean difference = -0.52 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Days in jail (incidence; self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.01 Adjusted mean = 0.65 Mean difference = -0.64 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Ever was person inneed of supervision (PINS; self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 adolescents % (adjusted) = 11.00 Adjusted mean % = 13.00 Mean difference = -2.00 HomVEE calculated = -0.12 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.75
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Ever was person inneed of supervision (PINS; self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) Unknown % (adjusted) = 8.00 Adjusted mean % = 13.00 Mean difference = -5.00 HomVEE calculated = -0.33 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.33
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Incidence of arrests (mother report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 277 adolescents Adjusted mean = 0.11 Adjusted mean = 0.12 Mean difference = -0.01 Not available Not statistically significant,
p = 0.73
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Incidence of arrests (mother report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 adolescents Adjusted mean = 0.08 Adjusted mean = 0.12 Mean difference = -0.04 Not available Not statistically significant,
p = 0.37
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Incidence–arrests (self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 adolescents Adjusted mean = 0.16 Adjusted mean = 0.36 Mean difference = -0.20 Not available Statistically significant,
p < 0.01
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Incidence–convictions and probation violations (self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 adolescents Adjusted mean = 0.06 Adjusted mean = 0.27 Mean difference = -0.21 Not available Statistically significant,
p < 0.01
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Incidence–convictions and probation violations (self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 adolescents Adjusted mean = 0.10 Adjusted mean = 0.27 Mean difference = -0.17 Not available Statistically significant,
p < 0.01
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Incidence–long-term school suspensions
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 adolescents Adjusted mean = 0.01 Adjusted mean = 0.04 Mean difference = -0.03 Not available Not statistically significant,
p = 1.00
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Incidence–sent to youth corrections (self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 adolescents Adjusted mean = 0.05 Adjusted mean = 0.05 Mean difference = 0.00 Not available Not statistically significant,
p = 0.98
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Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Incidence–sent to youth corrections (self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 adolescents Adjusted mean = 0.04 Adjusted mean = 0.05 Mean difference = -0.01 Not available Not statistically significant,
p = 0.98
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Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Incidence–short-term school suspensions
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 adolescents Adjusted mean = 0.27 Adjusted mean = 0.28 Mean difference = -0.01 Not available Not statistically significant,
p = 0.97
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of major delinquent acts (self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 adolescents Adjusted mean = 2.79 Adjusted mean = 3.02 Mean difference = -0.23 Not available Not statistically significant,
p = 0.93
Number of major delinquent acts (self-report)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 adolescents Adjusted mean = 3.57 Adjusted mean = 3.02 Mean difference = 0.55 Not available Not statistically significant,
p = 0.48
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Intimate partner violence
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
12-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers %(adjusted) = 22.00 Adjusted mean % = 21.00 OR = 1.06 HomVEE calculated = 0.03 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Maternal arrests
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
0 to 12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers %(adjusted) = 49.00 Adjusted mean % = 36.00 OR = 1.36 HomVEE calculated = 0.32 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Mother jailed
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
12-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers % (adjusted) = 13.00 Adjusted mean % = 13.00 OR = 0.97 HomVEE calculated = -0.02 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Any domestic violence, birth to age 6
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 641 mothers % (adjusted) = 39.00 Adjusted mean % = 40.00 OR = 0.97 Study reported = -0.02 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.87
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Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Any domestic violence (6–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers = 0.21 = 0.24 OR = 0.81 HomVEE calculated = -0.11 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.37
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Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Mother jailed (6–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers = 0.04 = 0.03 OR = 1.46 HomVEE calculated = 0.25 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.46
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Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Number of maternal arrests (6–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers Mean = 0.41 Mean = 0.30 Mean difference = 0.11 Study reported = 1.35 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.16
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Any domestic violence (past 6 months)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 424 mothers = 0.07 = 0.14 OR = 0.47 HomVEE calculated = -0.46 Statistically significant,
p = 0.05
Any domestic violence (since child age 2)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 424 mothers = 0.16 = 0.24 OR = 0.60 HomVEE calculated = -0.31 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.09

Findings rated moderate

NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Any domestic violence (past 6 months)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 431 mothers = 0.14 = 0.14 OR = 1.05 HomVEE calculated = 0.03 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.88
Any domestic violence (since child age 2)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 431 mothers = 0.22 = 0.24 OR = 0.90 HomVEE calculated = -0.06 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.72
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