Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)® Meets HHS Criteria

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2024

Effects shown in research

Positive parenting practices

Findings rated high

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes

Parenting practices - Hostility: Child Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 years

Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample

300 children Unadjusted mean = 1.38 Unadjusted mean = 1.99 MD = -0.61 HomVEE calculated = -1.22

Statistically significant, p = 0.00

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Submitted by user on

Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Parenting practices - Inconsistent discipline: Child Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 years

Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample

300 children Unadjusted mean = 1.90 Unadjusted mean = 1.99 MD = -0.09 HomVEE calculated = -0.16

Not statistically significant, p = 0.23

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Parenting practices - Parent involvement: Child Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 years

Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample

300 children Unadjusted mean = 3.34 Unadjusted mean = 3.33 MD = 0.01 HomVEE calculated = 0.02

Not statistically significant, p = 0.89

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Parenting practices - Supervision: Parenting Style Index measure by Steinberg et al. (1993)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 years

Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample

300 children Unadjusted mean = 0.86 Unadjusted mean = 0.89 MD = -0.03 HomVEE calculated = -0.26

Not statistically significant, p = 0.05

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Parenting practices - Warmth: Child Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 years

Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample

300 children Unadjusted mean = 3.65 Unadjusted mean = 3.67 MD = -0.02 HomVEE calculated = -0.04

Not statistically significant, p = 0.76

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
HOME (emotional/ cognitive stimulation)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2 years postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 675 mothers Adjusted mean = 32.30 Adjusted mean = 30.90 Mean difference = 1.40 Not available Statistically significant,
p < 0.01
NCAST Child Responsiveness (total score)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2 years postnatal Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 1082 children Adjusted mean = 17.70 Adjusted mean = 17.40 Mean difference = 0.30 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
NCAST Maternal Teaching (total score)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2 years postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 675 mothers Adjusted mean = 36.70 Adjusted mean = 36.50 Mean difference = 0.20 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Beliefs associated with child abuse (AAPI total score)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2 years postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 672 mothers Adjusted mean = 98.70 Adjusted mean = 100.50 Mean difference = -1.80 Not available Statistically significant,
p < 0.01
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance

Three-Bag Task composite score of parental supportiveness (fixed effect random slope analysis)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 months old

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States, full sample

723 mothers Not reported Not reported Not reported Study reported = 0.08

Not statistically significant, p= 0.40

Three-Bag Task composite score of parental supportiveness (restricted maximum likelihood analysis)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 months old

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States, full sample

723 mothers Not reported Not reported Not reported Study reported = 0.08

Not statistically significant, p= 0.41

Three-Bag Task composite score of parental supportiveness (split-sample analysis)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 months old

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States, full sample

723 mothers Not reported Not reported Difference = 0.14 Study reported = 0.14

Statistically significant, p= 0.04

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
HOME (avoidance of restriction and punishment)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 184 mothers Adjusted mean = 5.77 Adjusted mean = 5.60 Mean difference = 0.17 Not available Statistical significance not reported
HOME (avoidance of restriction and punishment)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 191 mothers Adjusted mean = 5.40 Adjusted mean = 5.60 Mean difference = -0.20 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
HOME (avoidance of restriction and punishment)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 171 mothers Adjusted mean = 5.53 Adjusted mean = 6.28 Mean difference = -0.75 Not available Statistical significance not reported
HOME (avoidance of restriction and punishment)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 180 mothers Adjusted mean = 5.82 Adjusted mean = 6.28 Mean difference = -0.46 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
HOME (provision of appropriate play materials)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 195 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.45 Adjusted mean = 7.26 Mean difference = 0.19 Not available Statistical significance not reported
HOME (provision of appropriate play materials)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 201 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.36 Adjusted mean = 7.26 Mean difference = 0.10 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
HOME (provision of appropriate play materials)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 190 mothers Adjusted mean = 8.66 Adjusted mean = 8.65 Mean difference = 0.01 Not available Statistical significance not reported
HOME (provision of appropriate play materials)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 198 mothers Adjusted mean = 8.68 Adjusted mean = 8.65 Mean difference = 0.03 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Conflict
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 164 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.27 Adjusted mean = 0.25 Mean difference = 0.02 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Conflict
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 163 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.29 Adjusted mean = 0.25 Mean difference = 0.04 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Spank or hit (number of times last 2 weeks)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 151 mothers Adjusted mean = 1.71 Adjusted mean = 1.09 Mean difference = 0.62 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Spank or hit (number of times last 2 weeks)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 159 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.19 Adjusted mean = 1.09 Mean difference = -0.90 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Worry or concern (Sum of positive responses for behavioral problems)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 164 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.61 Adjusted mean = 0.54 Mean difference = 0.07 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Worry or concern (Sum of positive responses for behavioral problems)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 163 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.83 Adjusted mean = 0.54 Mean difference = 0.29 Not available Statistically significant,
p < 0.05
Yell or scold (number of times last 2 weeks)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 151 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.56 Adjusted mean = 7.90 Mean difference = -0.34 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Yell or scold (number of times last 2 weeks)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 159 mothers Adjusted mean = 3.99 Adjusted mean = 7.90 Mean difference = -3.91 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
HOME inventory (total score)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
34 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 38.45 Adjusted mean = 39.03 Mean difference = -0.58 Not available Statistical significance not reported
HOME inventory (total score)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
34 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 238 mothers Adjusted mean = 39.08 Adjusted mean = 39.03 Mean difference = 0.05 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
HOME inventory (total score)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
46 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 40.18 Adjusted mean = 39.67 Mean difference = 0.51 Not available Statistical significance not reported
HOME inventory (total score)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
46 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 238 mothers Adjusted mean = 39.66 Adjusted mean = 39.67 Mean difference = -0.01 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Hazardous exposures observed in home
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
34 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 202 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.23 Adjusted mean = 0.38 Mean difference = -0.15 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Hazardous exposures observed in home
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
34 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 209 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.22 Adjusted mean = 0.38 Mean difference = -0.16 Not available Statistically significant,
p < 0.05
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculation of incidence ratio.
Hazardous exposures observed in home
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
46 months Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 202 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.31 Adjusted mean = 0.46 Mean difference = -0.15 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Hazardous exposures observed in home
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
46 months Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 209 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.21 Adjusted mean = 0.46 Mean difference = -0.25 Not available Statistically significant,
p < 0.01
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculation of incidence ratio.
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
HOME total score
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 408 mothers Adjusted mean = 25.32 Adjusted mean = 25.09 Mean difference = 0.23 Study reported = 0.07 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.47
Sensitive/responsive interaction
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 408 mothers Adjusted mean = 100.51 Adjusted mean = 98.66 Mean difference = 1.85 Study reported = 0.18 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.06
NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
HOME environment score
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
21 months Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 420 mothers Adjusted mean = 37.40 Adjusted mean = 37.10 Mean difference = 0.30 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Mother-infant responsive interaction
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
24 months Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 392 mothers Adjusted mean = 100.15 Adjusted mean = 98.99 Mean difference = 1.16 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Findings rated moderate

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
HOME environment score
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Unknown Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 406 mothers Adjusted mean = 37.79 Adjusted mean = 37.10 Mean difference = 0.69 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Submitted by user on
Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05).
Mother-infant responsive interaction
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
Unknown Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 372 mothers Adjusted mean = 100.31 Adjusted mean = 98.99 Mean difference = 1.32 Not available Statistically significant,
p ≤ 0.05
Submitted by user on
The study indicates home environments were rated at 12 and 21 months, however, only one result is presented in the article and the timing is not labeled.
NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
HOME total score
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 412 mothers Adjusted mean = 25.08 Adjusted mean = 25.09 Mean difference = -0.01 Study reported = 0.00 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.96
Sensitive/responsive interaction
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 412 mothers Adjusted mean = 100.92 Adjusted mean = 98.66 Mean difference = 2.26 Study reported = 0.23 Statistically significant,
p = 0.03
View Revisions