Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)® Meets HHS Criteria

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2024

Effects shown in research

Family economic self-sufficiency

Findings rated high

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes

Economically productive

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted mean = 6.35 Adjusted mean = 5.51 Mean difference = 0.84 HomVEE calculated = 0.17

Not statistically significant, p = 0.38

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Economically productive
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children % (adjusted) = 71.00 Adjusted mean % = 68.00 Difference = 0.03 Study reported = 0.09 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Economically productive
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 73.00 Adjusted mean % = 68.00 Difference = 0.04 Study reported = 0.13 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Ever used AFDC
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children % (adjusted) = 3.00 Adjusted mean % = 2.00 Difference = 0.01 Study reported = 0.26 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Ever used AFDC
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 6.00 Adjusted mean % = 2.00 Difference = 0.04 Study reported = -0.68 Statistically significant, p < 0.05

Ever used AFDC

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.16 Adjusted proportion = 0.10 Mean difference = 0.06 HomVEE calculated = 0.35

Not statistically significant, p = 0.32

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Ever used food stamps

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.18 Adjusted proportion = 0.18 Mean difference = 0.00 HomVEE calculated = 0.02

Not statistically significant, p = 0.96

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Ever used food stamps
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 6.00 Adjusted mean % = 6.00 Difference = 0.00 Study reported = 0.02 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Ever used food stamps
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 7.00 Adjusted mean % = 6.00 Difference = 0.01 Study reported = 0.06 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Ever used Medicaid

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

19-year follow up

Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira); Subgroup: Child gender (girls)

117 children Adjusted proportion = 0.27 Adjusted proportion = 0.34 Mean difference = -0.07 HomVEE calculated = -0.20

Not statistically significant, p = 0.44

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Ever used Medicaid
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and comparison (Elmira) 231 children %(adjusted) = 11.00 Adjusted mean % = 12.00 Difference = -0.01 Study reported = -0.06 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Ever used Medicaid
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
19-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 219 children %(adjusted) = 20.00 Adjusted mean % = 12.00 Difference = 0.07 Study reported = 0.34 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Employed during pregnancy
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
36th week of pregnancy Full (Memphis) 916 mothers % (adjusted) = 6.00 Adjusted mean % = 3.00 OR = 2.00 HomVEE calculated = 0.44 Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Submitted by user on
Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05).
In school during pregnancy
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
36th week of pregnancy Full (Memphis) 916 mothers % (adjusted) = 44.00 Adjusted mean % = 41.00 OR = 1.20 HomVEE calculated = 0.07 Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Months on AFDC , 13–24 months postpartum
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2 years postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 671 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.80 Adjusted mean = 8.40 Mean difference = -0.60 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Submitted by user on
Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05).
Months on AFDC , 0–12 months postpartum
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2 years postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 681 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.30 Adjusted mean = 7.60 Mean difference = -0.30 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Months worked, 0–12 months postpartum
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2 years postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 681 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.20 Adjusted mean = 1.70 Mean difference = 0.50 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Months worked, 13–24 months postpartum
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2 years postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 671 mothers Adjusted mean = 3.40 Adjusted mean = 3.40 Mean difference = 0.00 Not available Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05
Used other community services
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
36th week of pregnancy Full (Memphis) 916 mothers % (adjusted) = 29.00 Adjusted mean % = 20.00 OR = 1.80 HomVEE calculated = 0.30 Statistically significant,
p ≤ 0.01
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes

Supplemental Security Income, disability enrollment

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014, full sample

619 children Adjusted proportion = 0.03 Adjusted proportion = 0.06 Odds ratio = 0.58 HomVEE calculated = -0.33

Not statistically significant, p= 0.19

Submitted by barbara on

HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.

Supplemental Security Income, disability enrollment

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2014; Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability

330 children Adjusted proportion = 0.04 Adjusted proportion = 0.11 Odds ratio = 0.33 HomVEE calculated = -0.67

Statistically significant, p= 0.01

Submitted by barbara on

HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Current socioeconomic status (percentile ranked by U.S. occupational codes)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 646 mothers Adjusted mean = 15.62 Adjusted mean = 13.73 Mean difference = 1.89 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Highest education level
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 646 mothers Adjusted mean = 11.61 Adjusted mean = 11.67 Mean difference = -0.06 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Number of months mother or child received AFDC (0–60 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 646 mothers Adjusted mean = 32.55 Adjusted mean = 36.19 Mean difference = -3.64 Not available Statistically significant,
p ≤ 0.01
Number of months mother or child received food stamps (0–60 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 646 mothers Adjusted mean = 41.57 Adjusted mean = 45.04 Mean difference = -3.47 Not available Statistically significant,
p ≤ 0.01
Number of months received WIC (0–54 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 646 mothers Adjusted mean = 21.51 Adjusted mean = 23.33 Mean difference = -1.82 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Number of months received Medicaid (0–54 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 646 mothers Adjusted mean = 39.59 Adjusted mean = 41.08 Mean difference = -1.49 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Number of months worked (0–54 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 646 mothers Adjusted mean = 19.89 Adjusted mean = 18.84 Mean difference = 1.05 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes

Health insurance coverage for the mother

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

1176 mothers Adjusted proportion = 0.87 Adjusted proportion = 0.85 Difference = 0.01 Study reported = 0.06

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available.

Received any transportation services

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

906 mothers Adjusted proportion = 0.07 Adjusted proportion = 0.11 Difference = -0.05 Study reported = -0.35

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available. The study reported this finding was statistically significant (p = 0.02) prior to a multiple comparisons adjustment.

Received disability insurance during the past month

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

905 children Adjusted proportion = 0.05 Adjusted proportion = 0.06 Difference = -0.01 Study reported = -0.06

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available.

Received SNAP during the past month

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

906 children Adjusted proportion = 0.43 Adjusted proportion = 0.46 Difference = -0.03 Study reported = -0.07

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available.

Received TANF during the past month

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

905 children Adjusted proportion = 0.13 Adjusted proportion = 0.14 Difference = -0.01 Study reported = -0.03

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available.

Received WIC during the past month

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15-month follow-up

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample

909 children Adjusted proportion = 0.72 Adjusted proportion = 0.72 Difference = -0.01 Study reported = -0.01

Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

The statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons is reported; precise p-values are not available.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance

Health insurance coverage for the child, % (fixed effect random slope analysis)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 months old

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States, full sample

1113 children Not reported Not reported Difference = -0.01 Not available

Not statistically significant, p= 0.58

Health insurance coverage for the child, % (restricted maximum likelihood analysis)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 months old

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States, full sample

1113 children Not reported Not reported Difference = -0.01 Not available

Not statistically significant, p= 0.65

Health insurance coverage for the child, % (split-sample analysis)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 months old

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States, full sample

1113 children Not reported Not reported Difference = -0.01 HomVEE calculated = -0.17

Not statistically significant, p= 0.40

Receiving education or training, % (fixed effect random slope analysis)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 months old

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States, full sample

909 mothers Not reported Not reported Difference = -0.06 Not available

Not statistically significant, p= 0.08

Receiving education or training, % (restricted maximum likelihood analysis)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 months old

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States, full sample

909 mothers Not reported Not reported Difference = -0.06 Not available

Not statistically significant, p= 0.15

Receiving education or training, % (split-sample analysis)

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 months old

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States, full sample

909 mothers Not reported Not reported Difference = -0.04 HomVEE calculated = -0.12

Not statistically significant, p= 0.18

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Months employed
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 87.50 Adjusted mean = 89.70 Mean difference = -2.20 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Months employed
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 mothers Adjusted mean = 96.40 Adjusted mean = 89.70 Mean difference = 6.70 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Months receiving AFDC
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 70.20 Adjusted mean = 65.90 Mean difference = 4.30 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Months receiving AFDC
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 mothers Adjusted mean = 52.80 Adjusted mean = 65.90 Mean difference = -13.10 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Months receiving food stamps
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 62.00 Adjusted mean = 56.40 Mean difference = 5.60 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Months receiving food stamps
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy, and comparison (Elmira) 245 mothers Adjusted mean = 47.90 Adjusted mean = 56.40 Mean difference = -8.50 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Months receiving Medicaid
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 71.10 Adjusted mean = 70.00 Mean difference = 1.10 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Months receiving Medicaid
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 245 mothers Adjusted mean = 61.80 Adjusted mean = 70.00 Mean difference = -8.20 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Concern about finding work
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 195 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.43 Adjusted mean = 2.17 Mean difference = 0.26 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Concern about finding work
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 202 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.38 Adjusted mean = 2.17 Mean difference = 0.21 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Concern about finding work
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 192 mothers Adjusted mean = 1.97 Adjusted mean = 1.92 Mean difference = 0.05 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Concern about finding work
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 183 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.24 Adjusted mean = 1.92 Mean difference = 0.32 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Help with child care
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 197 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.77 Adjusted mean = 2.64 Mean difference = 0.13 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Help with child care
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 204 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.76 Adjusted mean = 2.64 Mean difference = 0.12 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Help with child care
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 189 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.94 Adjusted mean = 2.76 Mean difference = 0.18 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Help with child care
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 197 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.83 Adjusted mean = 2.76 Mean difference = 0.07 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Help with child care
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
46 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 167 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.97 Adjusted mean = 3.00 Mean difference = -0.03 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Help with child care
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
46 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 183 mothers Adjusted mean = 3.18 Adjusted mean = 3.00 Mean difference = 0.18 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Number of days on public assistance (0–22 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 185 mothers Adjusted mean = 268.00 Adjusted mean = 244.00 Mean difference = 24.00 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Number of days on public assistance (0–22 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 194 mothers Adjusted mean = 236.00 Adjusted mean = 244.00 Mean difference = -8.00 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Number of days on public assistance (0–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
48 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 196 mothers Adjusted mean = 510.00 Adjusted mean = 530.00 Mean difference = -20.00 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Number of days on public assistance (0–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
48 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 208 mothers Adjusted mean = 437.00 Adjusted mean = 530.00 Mean difference = -93.00 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Number of months employed (0–22 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 194 mothers Adjusted mean = 6.15 Adjusted mean = 5.89 Mean difference = 0.26 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Number of months employed (0–22 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
22 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 185 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.57 Adjusted mean = 5.89 Mean difference = 1.68 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Number of months employed (0–46 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
46 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 196 mothers Adjusted mean = 17.01 Adjusted mean = 12.65 Mean difference = 4.36 Not available Statistical significance not reported
Number of months employed (0–46 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
46 months postpartum Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 208 mothers Adjusted mean = 15.18 Adjusted mean = 12.65 Mean difference = 2.53 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Time employed, in months
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 to 12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.10 Adjusted mean = 7.77 Mean difference = -0.67 HomVEE calculated = -2.62 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Time employed, in months
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2 to 12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers Adjusted mean = 4.50 Adjusted mean = 4.64 Mean difference = -0.14 HomVEE calculated = -0.99 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Use of AFDC-TANF
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
0 to 12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis 594 mothers Adjusted mean = 4.97 Adjusted mean = 5.47 Mean difference = -0.50 HomVEE calculated = -3.03 Statistically significant, p < .05
Use of AFDC-TANF
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 to 12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers Adjusted mean = 3.75 Adjusted mean = 3.97 Mean difference = -0.22 HomVEE calculated = -13.10 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Use of food stamps
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
0 to 12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers Adjusted mean = 6.27 Adjusted mean = 6.86 Mean difference = -0.59 HomVEE calculated = -3.90 Statistically significant, p < .05
Use of food stamps
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 to 12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers Adjusted mean = 4.46 Adjusted mean = 5.06 Mean difference = -0.60 HomVEE calculated = -2.65 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Use of Medicaid
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
0 to 12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers Adjusted mean = 8.08 Adjusted mean = 8.39 Mean difference = -0.31 HomVEE calculated = -1.88 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Use of Medicaid
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
10 to 12 years Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis) 594 mothers Adjusted mean = 6.02 Adjusted mean = 6.23 Mean difference = -0.21 HomVEE calculated = -0.81 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes

Months mother worked per year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

12 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

642 mothers Unadjusted mean = 7.09 Unadjusted mean = 7.71 Mean difference = -0.62 HomVEE calculated = -0.14

Not statistically significant, p = 0.11

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Months mother worked per year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

618 mothers Unadjusted mean = 7.68 Unadjusted mean = 7.98 Mean difference = -0.30 HomVEE calculated = -0.07

Not statistically significant, p = 0.43

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Months mother worked per year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

2 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

641 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.60 Unadjusted mean = 0.47 Mean difference = 0.13 HomVEE calculated = 0.06

Not statistically significant, p = 0.46

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Months mother worked per year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

4.5 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

646 mothers Unadjusted mean = 1.98 Unadjusted mean = 1.56 Mean difference = 0.42 HomVEE calculated = 0.11

Not statistically significant, p = 0.19

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Months mother worked per year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

6 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

649 mothers Unadjusted mean = 5.94 Unadjusted mean = 5.99 Mean difference = -0.05 HomVEE calculated = -0.01

Not statistically significant, p = 0.89

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Months mother worked per year

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

9 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

640 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.76 Unadjusted mean = 7.33 Mean difference = -0.57 HomVEE calculated = -0.14

Not statistically significant, p = 0.11

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Months mother's current spouse employed

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

604 mothers Adjusted mean = 39.62 Adjusted mean = 25.66 Mean difference = 13.96 Study reported = 0.22

Statistically significant, p= 0.01

Author-reported effect size is Cohen's d.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

1 year

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

643 mothers Unadjusted mean = 9.32 Unadjusted mean = 9.37 Mean difference = -0.05 HomVEE calculated = -0.01

Not statistically significant, p = 0.88

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

1 year

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

643 mothers Unadjusted mean = 11.03 Unadjusted mean = 11.32 Mean difference = -0.29 HomVEE calculated = -0.12

Not statistically significant, p = 0.15

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

1 year

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

667 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.81 Unadjusted mean = 7.24 Mean difference = -0.43 HomVEE calculated = -0.09

Not statistically significant, p = 0.28

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

10 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 3.94 Unadjusted mean = 4.32 Mean difference = -0.38 HomVEE calculated = -0.07

Not statistically significant, p = 0.38

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

10 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

634 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.21 Unadjusted mean = 6.69 Mean difference = -0.48 HomVEE calculated = -0.10

Not statistically significant, p = 0.26

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

10 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 4.15 Unadjusted mean = 5.07 Mean difference = -0.92 HomVEE calculated = -0.21

Statistically significant, p = 0.01

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

11 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 3.88 Unadjusted mean = 4.14 Mean difference = -0.26 HomVEE calculated = -0.05

Not statistically significant, p = 0.55

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

11 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 4.57 Unadjusted mean = 5.45 Mean difference = -0.88 HomVEE calculated = -0.19

Statistically significant, p = 0.03

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

11 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

634 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.07 Unadjusted mean = 6.78 Mean difference = -0.71 HomVEE calculated = -0.14

Not statistically significant, p = 0.10

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

12 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

634 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.99 Unadjusted mean = 7.06 Mean difference = -0.07 HomVEE calculated = -0.01

Not statistically significant, p = 0.88

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

12 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 5.54 Unadjusted mean = 5.84 Mean difference = -0.30 HomVEE calculated = -0.06

Not statistically significant, p = 0.48

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

12 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 4.16 Unadjusted mean = 3.89 Mean difference = 0.27 HomVEE calculated = 0.05

Not statistically significant, p = 0.54

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

13 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

634 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.57 Unadjusted mean = 6.78 Mean difference = -0.21 HomVEE calculated = -0.04

Not statistically significant, p = 0.64

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

13 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 5.78 Unadjusted mean = 6.12 Mean difference = -0.34 HomVEE calculated = -0.07

Not statistically significant, p = 0.43

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

13 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 4.01 Unadjusted mean = 3.77 Mean difference = 0.24 HomVEE calculated = 0.05

Not statistically significant, p = 0.59

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

14 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.10 Unadjusted mean = 6.32 Mean difference = -0.22 HomVEE calculated = -0.04

Not statistically significant, p = 0.61

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

14 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 3.71 Unadjusted mean = 3.68 Mean difference = 0.03 HomVEE calculated = 0.01

Not statistically significant, p = 0.95

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

14 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

634 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.76 Unadjusted mean = 6.92 Mean difference = -0.16 HomVEE calculated = -0.03

Not statistically significant, p = 0.72

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

628 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.40 Unadjusted mean = 6.75 Mean difference = -0.35 HomVEE calculated = -0.07

Not statistically significant, p = 0.43

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 3.68 Unadjusted mean = 2.93 Mean difference = 0.75 HomVEE calculated = 0.16

Not statistically significant, p = 0.07

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

15 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

636 mothers Unadjusted mean = 5.72 Unadjusted mean = 5.97 Mean difference = -0.25 HomVEE calculated = -0.05

Not statistically significant, p = 0.55

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

16 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

629 mothers Unadjusted mean = 3.03 Unadjusted mean = 2.70 Mean difference = 0.33 HomVEE calculated = 0.07

Not statistically significant, p = 0.40

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

16 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

608 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.31 Unadjusted mean = 6.59 Mean difference = -0.28 HomVEE calculated = -0.06

Not statistically significant, p = 0.52

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

16 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

629 mothers Unadjusted mean = 5.58 Unadjusted mean = 5.61 Mean difference = -0.03 HomVEE calculated = -0.01

Not statistically significant, p = 0.94

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

17 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

606 mothers Unadjusted mean = 2.77 Unadjusted mean = 2.53 Mean difference = 0.24 HomVEE calculated = 0.05

Not statistically significant, p = 0.53

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

17 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

606 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.17 Unadjusted mean = 6.01 Mean difference = 0.16 HomVEE calculated = 0.03

Not statistically significant, p = 0.71

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

17 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

603 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.80 Unadjusted mean = 6.90 Mean difference = -0.10 HomVEE calculated = -0.02

Not statistically significant, p = 0.83

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

601 mothers Unadjusted mean = 2.18 Unadjusted mean = 2.24 Mean difference = -0.06 HomVEE calculated = -0.01

Not statistically significant, p = 0.87

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

603 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.50 Unadjusted mean = 6.95 Mean difference = -0.45 HomVEE calculated = -0.08

Not statistically significant, p = 0.34

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

18 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

601 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.88 Unadjusted mean = 6.69 Mean difference = 0.19 HomVEE calculated = 0.04

Not statistically significant, p = 0.67

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

2 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

643 mothers Unadjusted mean = 9.74 Unadjusted mean = 10.13 Mean difference = -0.39 HomVEE calculated = -0.12

Not statistically significant, p = 0.16

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

2 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

667 mothers Unadjusted mean = 7.37 Unadjusted mean = 8.10 Mean difference = -0.73 HomVEE calculated = -0.16

Not statistically significant, p = 0.06

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

2 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

643 mothers Unadjusted mean = 10.88 Unadjusted mean = 11.16 Mean difference = -0.28 HomVEE calculated = -0.11

Not statistically significant, p = 0.21

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

3 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

643 mothers Unadjusted mean = 9.96 Unadjusted mean = 10.07 Mean difference = -0.11 HomVEE calculated = -0.03

Not statistically significant, p = 0.69

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

3 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

667 mothers Unadjusted mean = 8.00 Unadjusted mean = 8.36 Mean difference = -0.36 HomVEE calculated = -0.08

Not statistically significant, p = 0.35

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

3 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

643 mothers Unadjusted mean = 10.91 Unadjusted mean = 11.06 Mean difference = -0.15 HomVEE calculated = -0.05

Not statistically significant, p = 0.53

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

4 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

643 mothers Unadjusted mean = 8.26 Unadjusted mean = 8.95 Mean difference = -0.69 HomVEE calculated = -0.17

Statistically significant, p < 0.05

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

4 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

667 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.05 Unadjusted mean = 7.23 Mean difference = -1.18 HomVEE calculated = -0.27

Statistically significant, p = 0.00

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

4 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

643 mothers Unadjusted mean = 10.83 Unadjusted mean = 11.30 Mean difference = -0.47 HomVEE calculated = -0.18

Statistically significant, p = 0.04

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

5 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

622 mothers Unadjusted mean = 5.62 Unadjusted mean = 5.75 Mean difference = -0.13 HomVEE calculated = -0.03

Not statistically significant, p = 0.71

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

5 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

619 mothers Unadjusted mean = 9.11 Unadjusted mean = 9.78 Mean difference = -0.67 HomVEE calculated = -0.22

Statistically significant, p = 0.01

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

5 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

619 mothers Unadjusted mean = 6.66 Unadjusted mean = 7.44 Mean difference = -0.78 HomVEE calculated = -0.19

Statistically significant, p = 0.03

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit

FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect

6 years

NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample

641 mothers Unadjusted mean = 9.04 Unadjusted mean = 9.61 Mean difference = -0.57 HomVEE calculated = -0.12

Not statistically significant, p = 0.14

Submitted by nwu on

Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
SES of current job (mother)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 641 mothers Adjusted mean = 14.01 Adjusted mean = 13.06 Mean difference = 0.95 Study reported = 0.05 Not statistically significant, p = 0.56
Months mother employed (54–72 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 641 mothers Adjusted mean = 9.96 Adjusted mean = 9.99 Mean difference = -0.03 Study reported = 0.00 Not statistically significant, p = 0.97
Months of AFDC (54–72 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 641 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.21 Adjusted mean = 8.96 Mean difference = -1.75 Study reported = -0.22 Statistically significant, p = 0.01
Months of food stamps (54–72 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 641 mothers Adjusted mean = 9.67 Adjusted mean = 11.50 Mean difference = -1.83 Study reported = -0.24 Statistically significant, p < 0.01
Months of Medicaid, (54–72 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 641 mothers Adjusted mean = 11.98 Adjusted mean = 13.08 Mean difference = -1.10 Study reported = -0.15 Not statistically significant, p = 0.08
Mother graduated from high school/earned GED (percentage)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 641 mothers % (adjusted) = 69.00 Adjusted mean % = 66.00 OR = 1.12 Study reported = 0.07 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.54
Submitted by user on
Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Number of months employed per year (2–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers Adjusted mean = 3.84 Adjusted mean = 3.86 Mean difference = -0.02 Study reported = -0.01 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.93
Number of months employed per year (6–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers Adjusted mean = 6.86 Adjusted mean = 7.39 Mean difference = -0.53 Study reported = -0.15 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.13
Number of months on TANF(6–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers Adjusted mean = 3.39 Adjusted mean = 4.01 Mean difference = -0.62 Study reported = -0.12 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.12
Number of months on Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) per year (0–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers Adjusted mean = 5.21 Adjusted mean = 5.92 Mean difference = -0.71 Study reported = -0.14 Statistically significant,
p < 0.01
Number of months on food stamps per year (0–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers Adjusted mean = 6.98 Adjusted mean = 7.80 Mean difference = -0.82 Study reported = -0.17 Statistically significant,
p < 0.01
Number of months on food stamps per year (6–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers Adjusted mean = 4.89 Adjusted mean = 5.92 Mean difference = -1.03 Study reported = -0.21 Statistically significant,
p = 0.02
Number of months on Medicaid per year (0–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers Adjusted mean = 9.71 Adjusted mean = 10.07 Mean difference = -0.36 Study reported = -0.09 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.12
Number of months on Medicaid per year (6–9 years postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9-year follow-up Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 627 mothers Adjusted mean = 8.79 Adjusted mean = 8.74 Mean difference = 0.05 Study reported = 0.01 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.89
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Educational achievement (years)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
21 months Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 427 mothers Adjusted mean = 11.51 Adjusted mean = 11.51 Mean difference = 0.00 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Graduated from high school or earned GED
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 424 mothers = 0.80 = 0.76 OR = 1.26 HomVEE calculated = 0.14 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.35
Months mother employed (25–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 424 mothers Adjusted mean = 14.42 Adjusted mean = 13.38 Mean difference = 1.04 Study reported = 0.04 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.22
Months of AFDC (25–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 424 mothers Adjusted mean = 1.88 Adjusted mean = 2.10 Mean difference = -0.22 Study reported = 0.01 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.69
Months of food stamps (25–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 424 mothers Adjusted mean = 4.32 Adjusted mean = 3.98 Mean difference = 0.34 Study reported = 0.07 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.67
Months of Medicaid (25–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 424 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.34 Adjusted mean = 6.98 Mean difference = 0.36 Study reported = -0.03 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.71
NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Educational achievement (years)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
21 months Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 440 mothers Adjusted mean = 11.62 Adjusted mean = 11.51 Mean difference = 0.11 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Months employed (1–12 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
12 months Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 425 mothers Adjusted mean = 4.21 Adjusted mean = 3.97 Mean difference = 0.24 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Months employed (13–24 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
24 months Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 439 mothers Adjusted mean = 6.14 Adjusted mean = 5.73 Mean difference = 0.41 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Months on AFDC (1–12 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
12 months Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 425 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.60 Adjusted mean = 2.35 Mean difference = 0.25 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Months on AFDC (13–24 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
24 months Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 439 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.31 Adjusted mean = 1.92 Mean difference = 0.39 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05

Findings rated moderate

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4 years Denver, CO- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 414 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.10 Unadjusted mean = 0.06 Mean difference = 0.04 Study reported = 0.04 p = 0.72
Submitted by user on
Positive value is favorable to the comparison group.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4 years Denver, CO- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability 152 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.18 Unadjusted mean = 0.40 Mean difference = -0.22 Study reported = -0.23 p = 0.16
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 years Denver, CO- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 394 mothers Unadjusted mean = -0.01 Unadjusted mean = -0.08 Mean difference = 0.07 Study reported = 0.12 p = 0.34
Submitted by user on
Positive value is favorable to the comparison group.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9 years Denver, CO- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 357 mothers Unadjusted mean = -0.15 Unadjusted mean = -0.17 Mean difference = 0.02 Study reported = 0.03 p = 0.84
Submitted by user on
Positive value is favorable to the comparison group.
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
15 years Elmira, NY- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 183 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.48 Unadjusted mean = 0.06 Mean difference = 0.42 Study reported = 0.42 p = 0.03
Submitted by user on
Positive value is favorable to the comparison group.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
24 months Elmira, NY- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 205 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.32 Unadjusted mean = 0.45 Mean difference = -0.13 Study reported = -0.12 p = 0.54
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4 years Elmira, NY- Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 214 mothers Unadjusted mean = 0.36 Unadjusted mean = 0.44 Mean difference = -0.08 Study reported = -0.07 p = 0.72
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
Show findings details
Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance Notes
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
12 years Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 569 mothers Unadjusted mean = 1.54 Unadjusted mean = 1.60 Mean difference = -0.06 Study reported = -0.04 p = 0.78
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
12 years Memphis, TN Nurse Family Partnership (NFP); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability 308 mothers Unadjusted mean = 2.03 Unadjusted mean = 1.74 Mean difference = 0.29 Study reported = 0.19 p = 0.11
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
24 months Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 657 mothers Unadjusted mean = 2.30 Unadjusted mean = 2.21 Mean difference = 0.09 Study reported = 0.05 p = 0.7
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
24 months Memphis, TN Nurse Family Partnership (NFP); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability 338 mothers Unadjusted mean = 2.48 Unadjusted mean = 2.51 Mean difference = -0.03 Study reported = -0.02 p = 0.88
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
54 months Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 626 mothers Unadjusted mean = 2.40 Unadjusted mean = 2.28 Mean difference = 0.12 Study reported = 0.06 p = 0.63
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
54 months Memphis, TN Nurse Family Partnership (NFP); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability 325 mothers Unadjusted mean = 2.52 Unadjusted mean = 2.71 Mean difference = -0.19 Study reported = -0.11 p = 0.35
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 years Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 627 mothers Unadjusted mean = 1.86 Unadjusted mean = 2.04 Mean difference = -0.18 Study reported = -0.11 p = 0.38
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
6 years Memphis, TN Nurse Family Partnership (NFP); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability 332 mothers Unadjusted mean = 2.84 Unadjusted mean = 2.34 Mean difference = 0.50 Study reported = 0.30 p = 0.01
Submitted by user on
Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Neighborhood Disadvantage index
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
9 years Memphis, TN - Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) 617 mothers Unadjusted mean = 1.93 Unadjusted mean = 1.93 Mean difference = 0.00 Study reported = 0.00 p = 0.99
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Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Months employed (1–12 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
12 months Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 406 mothers Adjusted mean = 4.35 Adjusted mean = 3.97 Mean difference = 0.38 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Months employed (13–24 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
24 months Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 419 mothers Adjusted mean = 6.87 Adjusted mean = 5.73 Mean difference = 1.14 Not available Statistically significant,
p ≤ 0.05
Months on AFDC (1–12 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
12 months Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 406 mothers Adjusted mean = 2.31 Adjusted mean = 2.35 Mean difference = -0.04 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
Months on AFDC (13–24 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
24 months Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 419 mothers Adjusted mean = 1.95 Adjusted mean = 1.92 Mean difference = 0.03 Not available Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05
NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Graduated from high school or earned GED
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 431 mothers = 0.82 = 0.76 OR = 1.39 HomVEE calculated = 0.20 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.18
Months mother employed (25–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 431 mothers Adjusted mean = 15.13 Adjusted mean = 13.38 Mean difference = 1.75 Study reported = 0.11 Statistically significant,
p = 0.04
Months of AFDC (25–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 431 mothers Adjusted mean = 1.95 Adjusted mean = 2.10 Mean difference = -0.15 Study reported = -0.19 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.78
Months of food stamps (25–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 431 mothers Adjusted mean = 4.56 Adjusted mean = 3.98 Mean difference = 0.58 Study reported = 0.21 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.47
Months of Medicaid (25–48 months postpartum)
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
4-year follow-up Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 431 mothers Adjusted mean = 8.08 Adjusted mean = 6.98 Mean difference = 1.10 Study reported = 0.02 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.26
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