Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

Last updated: 2019

Effects shown in research & outcome measure details

Child health

Findings rated high

Kitzman, H., Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., Hanks, C., Cole, R., Tatelbaum, R., et al. (1997). Effect of prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses on pregnancy outcomes, childhood injuries, and repeated childbearing. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(8), 644–652.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
5-minute Apgar	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full, (Memphis)	1082 children	Adjusted mean = 8.60	Adjusted mean = 8.70	Mean difference = -0.10	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Birth weight, grams	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full (Memphis)	1082 children	Adjusted mean = 3032.20	Adjusted mean = 3050.40	Mean difference = -18.20	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Breastfeeding attempted, percentage	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postnatal	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 children	% (adjusted) = 26.00	Adjusted mean % = 16.00	OR = 1.90	HomeVEE calculated = 0.37	Statistically significant, p < 0.01	footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Gestational age, weeks	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full, (Memphis)	1082 children	Adjusted mean = 39.00	Adjusted mean = 39.00	Mean difference = 0.00	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Immunizations up to date, percentage	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postnatal	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 children	% (adjusted) = 70.00	Adjusted mean % = 68.00	OR = 1.10	HomeVEE calculated = 0.06	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05	footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Indicated preterm delivery (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full, (Memphis)	1082 children	% (adjusted) = 3.00	Adjusted mean % = 3.00	OR = 1.00	HomeVEE calculated = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. , footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Intrauterine growth restriction (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full, (Memphis)	1082 children	% (adjusted) = 9.00	Adjusted mean % = 9.00	OR = 1.00	HomeVEE calculated = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. , footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Low birth weight (percentage < 2500 g)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full, (Memphis)	1082 children	% (adjusted) = 15.00	Adjusted mean % = 14.00	OR = 1.10	HomeVEE calculated = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. , footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Number of well-child visits	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postnatal	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 children	Adjusted mean = 4.60	Adjusted mean = 4.80	Mean difference = -0.20	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Preterm (less than 37 weeks, percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full, (Memphis)	1082 children	% (adjusted) = 11.00	Adjusted mean % = 13.00	OR = 0.80	HomeVEE calculated = -0.12	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. , footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Spontaneous preterm delivery, percentage	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full, (Memphis)	1082 children	% (adjusted) = 8.00	Adjusted mean % = 9.00	OR = 0.80	HomeVEE calculated = -0.08	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. , footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, and respiration (Apgar) score: 5-minute	The Apgar test was administered five minutes after the child’s birth. The test evaluates the newborn along five dimensions: (1) activity and muscle tone; (2) pulse and heart rate; (3) grimace response; (4) appearance and skin coloration; and (5) respiration, breathing rate, and effort. Each dimension is scored 0 to 2, with higher scores associated with better health.	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Birth weight	The child’s recorded birth weight in grams	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Breastfeeding attempted	Percentage of mothers who had attempted breastfeeding	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable
Gestational age	Gestational age in days was estimated from the reported last menstrual period (LMP) and ultrasound scans performed before 26 weeks’ gestation. If LMP and ultrasound converged within 14 days, then LMP was used for estimating gestational age. When LMP and ultrasound differed by more than 14 days, ultrasound was used as the estimate. In cases where ultrasound was not performed before 26 weeks’ gestation, or LMP was not known, the record was reviewed by two independent clinicians who were unaware of treatment condition to determine the most reliable estimate of gestational age.	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Immunizations up-to-date	Percentage of children whose immunizations were up-to-date at their 2nd birthday	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Indicated preterm delivery	Percentage of children who had an indicated preterm birth performed for maternal or fetal complications	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Intrauterine growth restriction	Percentage of children with a birth weight less than the 10th percentile for their gestational age	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Low birth weight	Percentage of children with a birth weight below 2,500 grams	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Number of well-child visits	Number of well-child visits the child received	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Preterm	Percentage of children who were delivered at less than 37 weeks’ gestation	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Spontaneous preterm delivery	Percentage of children who had a spontaneous preterm birth after preterm labor with or without premature rupture of the membranes	Review of medical records	Not applicable

Kitzman, H., Olds, D. L., Sidora, K., Henderson, C. R., Hanks, C., Cole, R., et al. (2000). Enduring effects of nurse home visitation on maternal life course: A 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 283(15), 1983–1989.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Number of subsequent low birth weight newborns (< 2500 g)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	3-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	646 mothers	Mean = 0.12	Mean = 0.15	Mean difference = -0.03	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of subsequent neonatal intensive care unit or special care admissions	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	3-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	646 mothers	Mean = 0.14	Mean = 0.20	Mean difference = -0.06	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference. , footnote3 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05).

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Number of subsequent NICU or special care admissions	Number of NICU or special care admissions episodes the mother experienced after the birth of the study’s focal child	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable
Number of subsequent low birth weight newborns (< 2,500 g)	Number of low birth weight newborns the mother experienced after the birth of the study’s focal child	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable

Olds, D. L., Henderson Jr., C. R., Chamberlin, R., & Tatelbaum, R. (1986). Preventing child abuse and neglect: A randomized trial of nurse home visitation. Pediatrics, 78, 65–78.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Night awake (mother-reported number of episodes last 2 weeks	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	164 children	Adjusted mean = 3.25	Adjusted mean = 2.83	Mean difference = 0.42	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Night awake (mother-reported number of episodes last 2 weeks	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	163 children	Adjusted mean = 2.69	Adjusted mean = 2.83	Mean difference = -0.14	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Number of emergency room visits (first year of life)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	1-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	205 children	Adjusted mean = 1.12	Adjusted mean = 1.02	Mean difference = 0.10	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of emergency room visits (first year of life)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	1-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	223 children	Adjusted mean = 0.74	Adjusted mean = 1.02	Mean difference = -0.28	Not available	Statistically significant, p < 0.05
Number of emergency room visits (second year of life)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	185 children	Adjusted mean = 1.04	Adjusted mean = 1.09	Mean difference = -0.05	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of emergency room visits (second year of life)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	196 children	Adjusted mean = 0.74	Adjusted mean = 1.09	Mean difference = -0.35	Not available	Statistically significant, p < 0.01
Resist eating (mother-reported number of episodes last 2 weeks)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	164 children	Adjusted mean = 2.01	Adjusted mean = 1.72	Mean difference = 0.29	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Resist eating (mother-reported number of episodes last 2 weeks)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	163 children	Adjusted mean = 2.29	Adjusted mean = 1.72	Mean difference = 0.57	Not available	Statistically significant, p < 0.01

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Night awake	Number of times that most of the night was spent awake in the last 2 weeks	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable
Number of emergency room visits	Total number of times the infant was seen in the emergency room	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Resist eating	Number of times the infant resisted eating in the last 2 weeks	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable

Olds, D. L., Henderson Jr., C. R., Tatelbaum, R., & Chamberlin, R. (1986). Improving the delivery of prenatal care and outcomes of pregnancy: A randomized trial of nurse home visitation. Pediatrics, 77(1), 16.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Child birth weight (grams)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full (Elmira)	308 children	Adjusted mean = 3285.00	Adjusted mean = 3262.00	Mean difference = 23.00	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Length of gestation	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full (Elmira)	308 children	Adjusted mean = 39.57	Adjusted mean = 39.71	Mean difference = -0.14	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Percentage low birth rate, (≤ 2,500 grams)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full (Elmira)	308 children	% (adjusted) = 5.78	Adjusted mean % = 2.61	Mean difference = 3.17	HomeVEE calculated = 0.50	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Percentage preterm delivery (< 37 weeks)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	Full (Elmira)	308 children	% (adjusted) = 6.90	Adjusted mean % = 7.27	Mean difference = -0.37	HomeVEE calculated = -0.03	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Child birth weight	The child’s recorded birth weight in grams	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Length of gestation	The length of gestation in weeks was estimated using newborn physical and neurologic examinations, (based on the Dubowitz procedure) and ultrasound readings taken before the 28th week of pregnancy. In the absence of examination and ultrasound data, reported last menstrual periods and measurements of uterine size made before 20 weeks were used. For low birth weight infants, gestational age was estimated using the newborn physical examination.	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Percentage low birth weight	Percentage of children with birth weight less than or equal to 2,500 grams	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Percentage preterm delivery	Percentage of children who were delivered at less than 37 weeks’ gestation	Review of medical records	Not applicable

Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., & Kitzman, H. (1994). Does prenatal and infancy nurse home visitation have enduring effects on qualities of parental caregiving and child health at 25 to 50 months of life? Pediatrics, 93(1), 89–98.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Number of days hospitalized (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	221 children	Adjusted mean = 0.49	Adjusted mean = 0.31	Mean difference = 0.18	Not available	Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of days hospitalized (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	209 children	Adjusted mean = 0.43	Adjusted mean = 0.31	Mean difference = 0.12	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of emergency department visits (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	221 children	Adjusted mean = 1.00	Adjusted mean = 1.53	Mean difference = -0.53	Not available	Statistically significant, p ≤ .01	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of emergency department visits (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	209 children	Adjusted mean = 1.24	Adjusted mean = 1.53	Mean difference = -0.29	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of hospital admissions (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	221 children	Adjusted mean = 0.14	Adjusted mean = 0.11	Mean difference = 0.03	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of hospital admissions (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	209 children	Adjusted mean = 0.11	Adjusted mean = 0.11	Mean difference = 0.00	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of scheduled health supervision visits (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	209 children	Adjusted mean = 1.27	Adjusted mean = 1.56	Mean difference = -0.29	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of scheduled health supervision visits (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	221 children	Adjusted mean = 1.26	Adjusted mean = 1.56	Mean difference = -0.30	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Number of scheduled health supervision visits with problems (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	221 children	Adjusted mean = 6.24	Adjusted mean = 6.72	Mean difference = -0.48	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Number of scheduled health supervision visits with problems (25 to 50 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	50 months	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	209 children	Adjusted mean = 5.18	Adjusted mean = 6.72	Mean difference = -1.54	Not available	Statistical significance not reported

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Number of days hospitalized	Number of days the child was hospitalized	Review of medical records	Inter-rater agreement for the abstraction of diagnostic codes in the medical records was 90%.
Number of emergency department visits	Total number of emergency department encounters	Review of medical records	Inter-rater agreement for the abstraction of diagnostic codes in the medical records was 90%.
Number of hospital admissions	Number of child hospitalizations	Review of medical records	Inter-rater agreement for the abstraction of diagnostic codes in the medical records was 90%.
Number of scheduled health supervision visits	Number of scheduled health supervision visits for the child	Review of medical records	Inter-rater agreement for the abstraction of diagnostic codes in the medical records was 90%.
Number of scheduled health supervision visits with problems	Number of health supervision visits at which separate illnesses were detected in the child. This included initial sick visits for an illness, as well as well-child visits at which health problems were identified.	Review of medical records	Inter-rater agreement for the abstraction of diagnostic codes in the medical records was 90%.

Olds, D. L., Kitzman, H., Cole, R., Robinson, J., Sidora, K., Luckey, D. W., et al. (2004). Effects of nurse home-visiting on maternal life course and child development: Age 6 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1550–1559

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Subsequent NICU/special care admission (rate per subsequent birth)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	% (adjusted) = 18.00	Adjusted mean % = 23.00	OR = -0.72	HomeVEE calculated = -0.20	Not statistically significant, p = 0.14	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Subsequent low birth weight newborn (rate per subsequent birth)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	% (adjusted) = 11.00	Adjusted mean % = 16.00	OR = -0.69	HomeVEE calculated = -0.22	Not statistically significant, p = 0.16	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Subsequent NICU or special care admission	Rate of subsequent NICU or special care admissions per subsequent pregnancy after completion of the program	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable
Subsequent low birth weight newborn	Rate of subsequent low birth weight newborns per subsequent births after completion of the program	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable

Olds, D. L., Kitzman, H., Hanks, C., Cole, R., Anson, E., Sidora-Arcoleo, K., et al. (2007). Effects of nurse home visiting on maternal and child functioning: Age-9 follow-up of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 120(4), e832–e845.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Number of infant and childhood deaths among firstborn children (birth–9 years)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	4.50 per 1,000 = 4.50	20.08 per 1,000 = 20.08	OR = 0.22	Not available	Not statistically significant, p = 0.80	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Number of subsequent low birth weight newborns (0–9 years postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.18	Adjusted mean = 0.27	Mean difference = -0.09	Not available	Not statistically significant, p = 0.07	footnote4 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculation of incidence ratio.

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Number of infant and childhood deaths among firstborn children	Number of deaths that occurred among firstborn children over the period birth to age 9	Parent/caregiver report and review of National Death Index (NDI) records for parents/caregivers that were not interviewed.	Not applicable
Number of subsequent low birth weight newborns	Number of low birth weight newborns the mother experienced since the birth of the study’s focal child	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., Pettitt, L., Luckey, D. W., Holmberg, J., Ng, R. K., et al. (2004). Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: Age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1560-1568.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Subsequent low birth weight newborns	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	= 0.06	= 0.08	OR = 0.75	HomeVEE calculated = -0.17	Not statistically significant, p = 0.45
Subsequent special care admissions	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	= 0.06	= 0.08	OR = 0.66	HomeVEE calculated = -0.26	Not statistically significant, p = 0.27

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Subsequent NICU or special care admissions	Rate of subsequent NICU or special care admissions per subsequent pregnancy since the birth of the study’s focal child	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable
Subsequent low birth weight newborns	Rate of subsequent low birth weight newborns per subsequent births since the birth of the study’s focal child	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable

Findings rated moderate

Holland, M. L., Groth, S. W., Smith, J. A., Meng, Y., & Kitzman, H. (2018). Low birthweight in second children after nurse home visiting. Journal of Perinatology, 38(12), 1610–1619.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Low birthweight of the second child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	18 years	Nurse Family Partnership vs. comparison, Memphis New Mother's Study 1990-1991, mothers with second child	512 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 0.51	Study reported = -0.41	Statistically significant, p <0.05	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. , Effect size based on study OR Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Preterm birth of the second child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	18 years	Nurse Family Partnership vs. comparison, Memphis New Mother's Study 1990-1991, mothers with second child	470 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.07	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. , Effect size based on study OR Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Low birthweight of the second child	Likelihood of second born child having a birthweight below 2,500 grams	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Preterm birth of the second child	Likelihood of second child being born before the 37th week of gestation	Review of medical records	Not applicable

Nguyen, J. D., Carson, M. L., Parris, K. M., & Place, P. (2003). A comparison pilot study of public health field nursing home visitation program interventions for pregnant Hispanic adolescents. Public Health Nursing, 20(5), 412. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1446.2003.20509.x

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Birth weight (grams)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	NFP-trained nurse visitors and comparison nurse visitors	156 children	Mean = 3.00	Mean = 3.00	Mean difference = 164.26	HomeVEE calculated = 0.29	Not reported
Gestational age (months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Birth	NFP-trained nurse visitors and comparison nurse visitors	154 children	Mean = 38.88	Mean = 38.92	Mean difference = -0.04	HomeVEE calculated = -0.02	Not reported

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Birth weight	The child’s birth weight in grams	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable
Gestational age	The child’s gestational age at birth in weeks	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable

Olds, D. L., Kitzman, H., Knudtson, M. D., Anson, E., Smith, J. A., & Cole, R. (2014). Effect of home visiting by nurses on maternal and child mortality: Results of a 2-decade follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(9), 800-806.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
20 year child mortality rate - all causes (Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. developmental screening comparison)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	20 years	Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	708 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.01	Unadjusted mean = 0.03	Mean difference = -0.02	HomeVEE calculated = -0.68	Not statistically significant, p = 0.11	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
20 year child mortality rate - preventable cause (Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. developmental screening comparison)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	20 years	Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	708 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.00	Unadjusted mean = 0.02	Mean difference = -0.02	Not available	Statistically significant, p = 0.04	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
20 year child mortality rate - all causes (Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. developmental screening comparison)	Percentage of children dying from any cause	Administrative records (National Death Index)	Not applicable
20 year child mortality rate - preventable cause (Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. developmental screening comparison)	Percentage of children dying from preventable causes (SIDS, unintentional injury, homicide)	Administrative records (National Death Index)	Not applicable

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., Pettitt, L., Luckey, D. W., Holmberg, J., Ng, R. K., et al. (2004). Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: Age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1560-1568.

NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Subsequent low birth weight newborns	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional. home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	= 0.03	= 0.08	OR = 0.34	HomeVEE calculated = -0.64	Statistically significant, p = 0.03
Subsequent special care admissions	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	= 0.05	= 0.08	OR = 0.54	HomeVEE calculated = -0.38	Not statistically significant, p = 0.13

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Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Subsequent NICU or special care admissions	Rate of subsequent NICU or special care admissions per subsequent pregnancy after completion of the program	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable
Subsequent low birth weight newborns	Rate of subsequent low birth weight newborns per subsequent births after completion of the program	Parent/caregiver report	Not applicable

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