Negative effect is favorable
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2022
To see details on each finding HomVEE reviewed in well-designed research, click on the name of an outcome domain.
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average number of prenatal visits during pregnancy |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Prenatal period |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
177 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 9.00 Visits | Unadjusted mean = 9.20 Visits | Mean difference = -0.20 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.48 |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 1.26 | Unadjusted mean = 1.26 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.95 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
35 weeks gestation |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
102 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 1.44 | Unadjusted mean = 1.47 | Mean difference = -0.02 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.75 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 1.20 | Unadjusted mean = 1.43 | Mean difference = -0.23 | Study reported = -0.56 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 67.00 | Unadjusted mean = 79.40 | Mean difference = -12.40 | Study reported = -0.77 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 59.10 | Unadjusted mean = 77.10 | Mean difference = -18.00 | Study reported = -1.19 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 79.80 | Unadjusted mean = 76.90 | Mean difference = 2.90 | Study reported = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.43 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 75.70 | Unadjusted mean = 77.70 | Mean difference = -2.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.64 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 75.30 | Unadjusted mean = 75.30 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 1.00 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
108 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 72.20 | Unadjusted mean = 78.50 | Mean difference = -6.30 | Study reported = -0.35 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted median = 0.00 | Unadjusted median = 3.00 | Median difference = -3.00 | Study reported = -1.08 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. |
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
177 mothers | Unadjusted median = 0.00 | Unadjusted median = 5.00 | Median difference = -5.00 | Study reported = -1.41 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. |
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
178 mothers | Unadjusted median = 0.00 | Unadjusted median = 0.00 | Median difference = 0.00 | Study reported = -0.76 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. |
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted median = 74.00 | Unadjusted median = 76.00 | Median difference = -2.00 | Study reported = -0.46 | Statistically significant, p= 0.00 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. |
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
177 mothers | Unadjusted median = 74.00 | Unadjusted median = 76.00 | Median difference = -2.00 | Study reported = -0.45 | Statistically significant, p= 0.00 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. |
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
178 mothers | Unadjusted median = 74.00 | Unadjusted median = 77.00 | Median difference = -3.00 | Study reported = -0.72 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Had a postpartum checkup |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
110 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.91 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.94 | Difference = -0.03 | Study reported = 0.23 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.56 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Had a postpartum checkup |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
110 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 1.00 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.96 | Difference = 0.04 | Study reported = 0.41 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.09 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child given other liquids by 2 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.01 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.06 | Difference = -0.05 | HomVEE calculated = -1.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.13 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Child given other liquids by 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
178 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.90 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.91 | Difference = -0.01 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.87 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Child given solid food by 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
178 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.91 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.92 | Difference = -0.01 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.86 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child given solid food by 9 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 1.00 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.98 | Difference = 0.02 | HomVEE calculated = 1.80 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.23 |
|
Currently breastfeeding at 9 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.43 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.25 | Difference = 0.18 | Study reported = 0.46 | Statistically significant, p= 0.04 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
175 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.50 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.49 | Difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.94 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Ever breastfed the child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
177 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.86 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.83 | Difference = 0.03 | Study reported = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.57 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. |
Median number of weeks of exclusive breastfeeding |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
175 mothers | Unadjusted median = 1.40 | Unadjusted median = 0.30 | Median difference = 1.10 | Study reported = 0.04 | Statistically significant, p= 0.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. |
Never breastfed exclusively |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.56 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.79 | Difference = -0.24 | HomVEE calculated = -0.67 | Statistically significant, p < .05 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Never breastfed the child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
175 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.14 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.18 | Difference = -0.03 | HomVEE calculated = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Still exclusive breastfeeding 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.02 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.01 | Difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.40 | Not statistically significant, p >= .05 |
|
Stopped breastfeeding by 2 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
175 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.16 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.09 | Difference = 0.06 | HomVEE calculated = 0.35 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.23 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Stopped breastfeeding by 2 weeks postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
175 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.02 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.02 | Difference = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.95 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Stopped breastfeeding by 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
175 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.18 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.21 | Difference = -0.03 | HomVEE calculated = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.57 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Stopped breastfeeding exclusively by 2 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.19 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.08 | Difference = 0.11 | HomVEE calculated = 0.59 | Statistically significant, p < .05 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Stopped breastfeeding exclusively by 2 weeks postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.23 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.12 | Difference = 0.12 | HomVEE calculated = 0.51 | Statistically significant, p < .05 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breastfeeding initiated (ever breastfed the child) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
113 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.97 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.89 | Difference = 0.08 | Study reported = 0.30 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.11 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Child given solid food by 2 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
112 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.02 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.08 | Difference = -0.06 | Study reported = -0.85 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.12 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Child given solid food by 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
111 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.95 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.93 | Difference = 0.02 | Study reported = 0.22 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.61 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Currently breastfeeding at 12 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
110 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.37 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.13 | Difference = 0.24 | Study reported = 0.74 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Currently breastfeeding at 15 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
110 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.11 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.02 | Difference = 0.09 | HomVEE calculated = 1.09 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.05 |
|
Currently breastfeeding at 2 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
113 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.71 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.61 | Difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.26 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Currently breastfeeding at 2 weeks postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
106 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.84 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.82 | Difference = 0.03 | Study reported = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.73 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Currently breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
111 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.52 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.34 | Difference = 0.18 | Study reported = 0.40 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.06 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child sleeps on back at 9 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.80 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.60 | Difference = 0.20 | Study reported = 0.54 | Statistically significant, p= 0.02 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
108 mothers | Unadjusted median = 43.00 | Unadjusted median = 40.00 | Median difference = 3.00 | Study reported = 1.53 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median number of days during prior week reading to child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted median = 4.50 Days | Unadjusted median = 1.00 Days | Median difference = 3.50 | Study reported = 1.29 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
107 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 67.10 | Unadjusted mean = 64.70 | Mean difference = 2.40 | Study reported = 0.41 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
107 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 68.80 | Unadjusted mean = 65.80 | Mean difference = 3.00 | Study reported = 0.47 | Statistically significant, p = 0.02 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
107 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 73.20 | Unadjusted mean = 65.30 | Mean difference = 7.90 | Study reported = 0.98 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Reads stories at least three times per week |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
9 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.93 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.43 | Difference = 0.50 | Study reported = 1.56 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child sleeps on back at 2 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.98 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.66 | Difference = 0.31 | HomVEE calculated = 1.88 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Child sleeps on back at 2 weeks postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
177 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.99 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.66 | Difference = 0.33 | HomVEE calculated = 2.32 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Child sleeps on back at 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
178 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.98 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.75 | Difference = 0.23 | HomVEE calculated = 1.64 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Median Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
175 mothers | Unadjusted median = 27.00 | Unadjusted median = 19.00 | Median difference = 8.00 | Not reported | Statistically significant, p <.001 |
|
Median Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
177 mothers | Unadjusted median = 21.00 | Unadjusted median = 15.00 | Median difference = 6.00 | Not reported | Statistically significant, p <.001 |
|
Median Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
178 mothers | Unadjusted median = 40.00 | Unadjusted median = 33.00 | Median difference = 7.00 | Not reported | Statistically significant, p <.001 |
|
Median number of days during prior week reading to child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted median = 5.00 Days | Unadjusted median = 0.00 Days | Median difference = 5.00 | Not reported | Statistically significant, p <.001 |
|
Median number of days during prior week singing or telling stories to child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted median = 6.00 Days | Unadjusted median = 5.00 Days | Median difference = 1.00 | Not reported | Statistically significant, p <.001 |
|
Reads stories at least three times per week |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.92 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.37 | Difference = 0.55 | HomVEE calculated = 1.82 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Reads stories at least three times per week |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
176 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.97 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.26 | Difference = 0.71 | HomVEE calculated = 2.69 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child sleeps on back at 2 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
113 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.98 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.85 | Difference = 0.13 | Study reported = 1.27 | Statistically significant, p= 0.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Child sleeps on back at 2 weeks postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
113 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.93 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.93 | Difference = 0.01 | Study reported = 0.19 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.63 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Child sleeps on back at 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
111 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.83 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.72 | Difference = 0.11 | Study reported = 0.35 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.16 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
108 mothers | Unadjusted median = 43.00 | Unadjusted median = 38.00 | Median difference = 5.00 | Study reported = 1.74 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
108 mothers | Unadjusted median = 44.00 | Unadjusted median = 35.00 | Median difference = 9.00 | Study reported = 1.78 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted median = 30.00 | Unadjusted median = 29.00 | Median difference = 1.00 | Study reported = 0.47 | Statistically significant, p= 0.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
105 mothers | Unadjusted median = 23.00 | Unadjusted median = 23.00 | Median difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.52 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
108 mothers | Unadjusted median = 43.00 | Unadjusted median = 40.00 | Median difference = 3.00 | Study reported = 1.44 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median number of days during prior week reading to child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
110 mothers | Unadjusted median = 6.00 Days | Unadjusted median = 3.00 Days | Median difference = 3.00 | Study reported = 1.85 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median number of days during prior week reading to child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
110 mothers | Unadjusted median = 7.00 Days | Unadjusted median = 3.00 Days | Median difference = 4.00 | Study reported = 1.79 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median number of days during prior week reading to child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
113 mothers | Unadjusted median = 1.00 Days | Unadjusted median = 0.00 Days | Median difference = 1.00 | Study reported = 0.30 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.09 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median number of days during prior week reading to child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
111 mothers | Unadjusted median = 4.00 Days | Unadjusted median = 1.00 Days | Median difference = 3.00 | Study reported = 0.66 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median number of days during prior week singing or telling stories to child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
113 mothers | Unadjusted median = 5.00 Days | Unadjusted median = 5.00 Days | Median difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.67 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Median number of days during prior week singing or telling stories to child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
111 mothers | Unadjusted median = 5.00 Days | Unadjusted median = 5.00 Days | Median difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.33 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
108 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 74.80 | Unadjusted mean = 63.80 | Mean difference = 11.00 | Study reported = 1.51 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
108 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 77.00 | Unadjusted mean = 63.40 | Mean difference = 13.60 | Study reported = 2.02 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 weeks postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
108 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 65.60 | Unadjusted mean = 65.00 | Mean difference = 0.60 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.55 |
|
Reads stories at least three times per week |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.98 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.54 | Difference = 0.44 | Study reported = 2.13 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Reads stories at least three times per week |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
109 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.98 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.70 | Difference = 0.28 | Study reported = 1.75 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Reads stories at least three times per week |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
112 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.41 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.21 | Difference = 0.20 | Study reported = 0.53 | Statistically significant, p= 0.02 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Reads stories at least three times per week |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
108 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.83 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.35 | Difference = 0.47 | Study reported = 1.18 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Referred to resources (prenatal) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
35 weeks gestation |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
105 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.70 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.14 | Difference = 0.56 | Study reported = 1.49 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Referred to resources at 6 months postpartum |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample |
178 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 1.00 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.28 | Difference = 0.72 | HomVEE calculated = 4.77 | Statistically significant, p = 0.02 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Referred to resources (postpartum) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
15 months postpartum |
MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample |
110 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.95 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.25 | Difference = 0.70 | HomVEE calculated = 2.43 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
HomVEE calculated significanceStatistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Title | General population | Tribal population | Domains with favorable effects |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)® | Meets HHS criteria | Does not meet HHS criteria for tribal population because the model has not been evaluated with a tribal population. |
|
The Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW) Program serves families with low incomes, who are experiencing stress and isolation. Families enroll prenatally, and receive home visits until the child is 36 months old. The model is designed to improve child and maternal health, increase use of linkages and referrals to medical and social services, and build positive parenting skills. MIHOW employs community health workers from the local area as home visitors and role models. These workers provide participants with monthly visits that last about 60 minutes each. During visits, community health workers educate families about nutrition, health, child development, and positive parenting. They also provide links to medical and social services.
For more information, see the research database. For more information on the criteria used to rate research, please see details of HomVEE’s methods and standards.