Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

Last updated: June 2018

Effects Shown in Research & Outcome Measure Details

Child Health

Outcomes Rated High

Lutenbacher, M., Dietrich, M. S., & Elkins, T. (2016). Evaluation of the Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW) model in a sample of Hispanic women: A collaborative project between Catholic Charities and Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. Report submitted to the Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness (HomVEE) Review.

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

Show Findings Details

Outcome Measure	Effect	Follow-up Timing	Sample	Sample Size	Intervention Group	Comparison Group	Group Difference	Effect Size	Statistical Significance	Outcome Type	Notes
Breastfeeding exclusively	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.01	Mean difference = 0.01	HomeVEE calculated = 0.37	Statistically significant, p = 0.01	Secondary	footnote379 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on duration of exclusive breastfeeding that included four possible responses. Authors analyzed all four responses collectively using a Mann-Whitney test; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response.
Child given cereal	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.15	Unadjusted proportion = 0.17	Mean difference = -0.02	HomeVEE calculated = -0.08	Not statistically significant, p = 0.60	Secondary
Child given other food	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.01	Mean difference = 0.01	HomeVEE calculated = 0.37	Statistically significant, p = 0.01	Secondary	footnote383 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.
Child given other food	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.91	Unadjusted proportion = 0.92	Mean difference = -0.01	HomeVEE calculated = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.68	Secondary
Child given other liquid	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.01	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06	Mean difference = -0.05	HomeVEE calculated = -1.03	Statistically significant, p = 0.00	Secondary	footnote383 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.
Child given other liquid	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.90	Unadjusted proportion = 0.91	Mean difference = -0.01	HomeVEE calculated = -0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.74	Secondary	footnote383 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.
Ever breastfed child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.86	Unadjusted proportion = 0.83	Mean difference = 0.03	HomeVEE calculated = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.57	Secondary
Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding, in weeks	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted median = 1.40	Unadjusted median = 0.30	Median difference = 1.10	Not available	Statistically significant, p = 0.01	Secondary	footnote382 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a Mann-Whitney test.
Median number of weeks to first food	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted median = 21.00	Unadjusted median = 20.00	Median difference = 1.00	Not available	Not statistically significant, p = 0.20	Secondary	footnote382 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a Mann-Whitney test.
Median number of weeks to first other liquid	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted median = 20.00	Unadjusted median = 20.00	Median difference = 0.00	Not available	Statistically significant, p < 0.001	Secondary	footnote382 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the authors’ analysis using a Mann-Whitney test.
Median score on the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale (BSES)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted median = 62.00	Unadjusted median = 51.00	Median difference = 11.00	Not available	Not reported	Primary
Never breastfed	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.14	Unadjusted proportion = 0.18	Mean difference = -0.03	HomeVEE calculated = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.34	Secondary	footnote378 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on duration of breastfeeding practices that included five possible responses. Authors analyzed all five responses collectively using a Mann-Whitney test; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.
Never breastfed exclusively	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.56	Unadjusted proportion = 0.79	Mean difference = -0.24	HomeVEE calculated = -0.67	Statistically significant, p = 0.00	Secondary	footnote380 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on duration of exclusive breastfeeding that included four possible responses. Authors analyzed all four responses collectively using a Mann-Whitney test; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative veffect size is favorable to the intervention.
Still breastfeeding	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.50	Unadjusted proportion = 0.49	Mean difference = 0.01	HomeVEE calculated = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.92	Secondary	footnote377 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on duration of breastfeeding practices that included five possible responses. Authors analyzed all five responses collectively using a Mann-Whitney test; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response.
Stopped breastfeeding	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.16	Unadjusted proportion = 0.09	Mean difference = 0.06	HomeVEE calculated = 0.35	Statistically significant, p = 0.02	Secondary	footnote378 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on duration of breastfeeding practices that included five possible responses. Authors analyzed all five responses collectively using a Mann-Whitney test; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.
Stopped breastfeeding	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Mean difference = 0.00	HomeVEE calculated = -0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.72	Secondary	footnote378 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on duration of breastfeeding practices that included five possible responses. Authors analyzed all five responses collectively using a Mann-Whitney test; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.
Stopped breastfeeding	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.18	Unadjusted proportion = 0.21	Mean difference = -0.03	HomeVEE calculated = -0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.39	Secondary	footnote378 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on duration of breastfeeding practices that included five possible responses. Authors analyzed all five responses collectively using a Mann-Whitney test; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.
Stopped breastfeeding exclusively	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.19	Unadjusted proportion = 0.08	Mean difference = 0.11	HomeVEE calculated = 0.59	Statistically significant, p = 0.00	Secondary	footnote381 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on duration of exclusive breastfeeding that included four possible responses. Authors analyzed all four responses collectively using a Mann-Whitney test; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.
Stopped breastfeeding exclusively	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.23	Unadjusted proportion = 0.12	Mean difference = 0.12	HomeVEE calculated = 0.51	Statistically significant, p = 0.00	Secondary	footnote381 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Proportions indicate the percentages of women who selected this response to a closed-ended question on duration of exclusive breastfeeding that included four possible responses. Authors analyzed all four responses collectively using a Mann-Whitney test; we report a <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>-calculated effect size and p-value associated with the individual response. Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.

Show Outcome Measure Summary

Outcome Measure	Outcome Measure Description	Collection Method	Properties	Outcome Type	Operations links
Breastfeeding exclusively	Question from the National Survey of Children’s Health	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Child given cereal	Question from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Child given other food	Question from the Perinatal Risk Assessment Monitory System Survey	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Child given other liquid	Question from the National Survey of Children’s Health	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Ever breastfed the child	Question from the Perinatal Risk Assessment Monitory System Survey	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding, in weeks	Question from the National Survey of Children’s Health	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Median number of weeks to first food	Question from the Perinatal Risk Assessment Monitory System Survey	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Median number of weeks to first other liquid	Question from the National Survey of Children’s Health	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Median score on the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale (BSES)	The BSES Short Form uses a 5-point scale on 14 questions to assess a mother's confidence breastfeeding her child.	Mother report	Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93–0.95	Primary
Never breastfed	Question from the Perinatal Risk Assessment Monitory System Survey	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Never breastfed exclusively	Question from the National Survey of Children’s Health	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Still breastfeeding	Question from the Perinatal Risk Assessment Monitory System Survey	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Stopped breastfeeding	Question from the National Survey of Children’s Health	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary
Stopped breastfeeding exclusively	Question from the National Survey of Children’s Health	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary

Outcomes Rated Moderate

Lutenbacher, M., Dietrich, M. S., & Elkins, T. (2016). Evaluation of the Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW) model in a sample of Hispanic women: A collaborative project between Catholic Charities and Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. Report submitted to the Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness (HomVEE) Review.

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

Show Findings Details

Outcome Measure	Effect	Follow-up Timing	Sample	Sample Size	Intervention Group	Comparison Group	Group Difference	Effect Size	Statistical Significance	Outcome Type	Notes
Child given other liquid	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	Davidson County, Tennessee, MIHOW vs. Educational Materials		Unadjusted proportion = 0.00	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.04	HomeVEE calculated = -6.34	Statistically significant, p = 0.00	Secondary	footnote383 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect size is favorable to the intervention.

Show Outcome Measure Summary

Outcome Measure	Outcome Measure Description	Collection Method	Properties	Outcome Type	Operations links
Child given other liquid	Question from the National Survey of Children’s Health	Mother report	Not reported by author	Secondary

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