Healthy Steps (National Evaluation 1996 Protocol)
This report focuses on Healthy Steps as implemented in the 1996 evaluation. HHS has determined that home visiting is not the primary service delivery strategy and the model does not meet current requirements for MIECHV program implementation.
Last updated: 2011
Effects shown in research & outcome measure details
Child health
Findings rated high
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Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Continuing to breastfeed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-4 mo. | The 6 RCT national evaluation sites | 1987 mothers | Mean = 0.56 | Mean = 0.54 | OR = 1.15 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Gave baby cereal | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-4 mo. | The 6 RCT national evaluation sites | 1987 mothers | Mean = 0.30 | Mean = 0.32 | OR = 0.88 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Gave baby water | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-4 mo. | The 6 RCT national evaluation sites | 1987 mothers | Mean = 0.38 | Mean = 0.41 | OR = 0.80 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.14 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
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Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties | Operations links |
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Continuing to breastfeed |
Percentage of mothers who were breastfeeding, including those that continued to breastfeed, among women who had initiated breastfeeding | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
|
Gave baby cereal |
Percentage of mothers who fed their infant cereal |
Parent/caregiver report during telephone interview |
Not applicable |
|
Gave baby water |
Percentage of mothers who fed their infant water |
Parent/caregiver report during telephone interview |
Not applicable |
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Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DTP1 vaccination | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 months | The 6 RCT national evaluation sites | 1950 mothers | = 0.92 | = 0.88 | OR = 1.50 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.25 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
Hospitalization since birth | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-4 months | The 6 RCT national evaluation sites | 1987 mothers | Not reported | Not reported | OR = 0.71 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.21 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
One-month well-child care visit | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 month | The 6 RCT national evaluation sites | 2086 mothers | = 0.97 | = 0.95 | OR = 1.85 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.37 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
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Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties | Operations links |
---|---|---|---|---|
DTP1 vaccination |
Percentage of children who had received the DTP1 vaccination between 42 and 92 days postpartum | Review of medical records | Not applicable |
|
Hospitalization since birth |
Number of child hospitalizations | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
|
One-month well-child care visit |
Percentage of children who had attended a well-child care visit within 41 days of birth | Review of medical records | Not applicable |
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Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10-month well-child care visit | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
30 months | Healthy Steps sample | 239 children | Mean = 0.94 | Mean = 0.93 | OR = 1.01 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
15-month well-child care visit | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
30 months | Healthy Steps sample | 239 children | Mean = 0.88 | Mean = 0.89 | OR = 0.99 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
2-month well-child care visit | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
30 months | Healthy Steps sample | 239 children | Mean = 0.93 | Mean = 0.96 | OR = 0.97 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
24-month well-child care visit | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
30 months | Healthy Steps sample | 239 children | Mean = 0.87 | Mean = 0.76 | OR = 1.17 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.10 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
4-month well-child care visit | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
30 months | Healthy Steps sample | 239 children | Mean = 0.96 | Mean = 0.98 | OR = 0.97 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
6-month well-child care visit | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
30 months | Healthy Steps sample | 239 children | Mean = 0.94 | Mean = 0.94 | OR = 1.01 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Breastfeeding duration (mo.) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
30 months | Healthy Steps sample | 232 mothers | Mean = 13.00 | Mean = 13.90 | Mean difference = -0.64 | Not available | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
Ever breastfed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
30 months | Healthy Steps sample | 232 mothers | Mean = 0.95 | Mean = 0.99 | OR = 0.96 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.03 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
Immunization status up-to-date at 24 mo. | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
30 months | Healthy Steps sample | 239 children | Mean = 0.92 | Mean = 0.88 | OR = 1.03 | HomeVEE calculated = 0.02 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
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Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties | Operations links |
---|---|---|---|---|
Breastfeeding duration |
Number of months the mother breasted her child |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
|
Ever breastfed |
Percentage of mothers who had ever breastfed their child |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
|
Immunization status up-to-date at 24 months |
Percentage of children who had up-to-date immunizations for their age |
Review of the health plan’s standard Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set. |
Not applicable |
|
Well-child care visits at 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 24 months of age. |
Percentage of children who had a well-child visit at the reference month of age |
Review of health plan records |
Not applicable |
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Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breastfeeding at 3 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 months | Healthy Steps sample | 275 mothers | Mean = 0.89 | Mean = 0.92 | OR = 0.98 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Feels strongly supported to breastfeed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 months | Healthy Steps sample | 275 mothers | Mean = 0.73 | Mean = 0.77 | OR = 0.98 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
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Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties | Operations links |
---|---|---|---|---|
Breastfeeding at 3 months |
Percentage of mothers who had been breastfeeding at the child’s 3rd month of age |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
|
Feels strongly supported to breastfeed |
Percentage of mothers who felt supported by their partner and extended family to breastfeed their child |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
Findings rated moderate
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Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child hospitalized in past year | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
5.5 years | The 6 RCT national evaluation sites | 1308 children | Mean = 0.03 | Mean = 0.04 | OR = 0.96 | HomeVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
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Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties | Operations links |
---|---|---|---|---|
Child hospitalized in past year |
Percentage of children who had been hospitalized during the previous year | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |