Early Intervention Program for Adolescent Mothers

Implementation support is not currently available for the model as reviewed.

Last updated: 2011

Effects shown in research & outcome measure details

Child health

Findings rated high

Koniak-Griffin, D., Anderson, N. L., Verzemnieks, I., & Brecht, M. L. (2000). A public health nursing early intervention program for adolescent mothers: Outcomes from pregnancy through 6 weeks postpartum. Nursing Research, 49(3), 130–138.

Early Intervention Program for Adolescent Mothers

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Additional days of rehospitalization	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 weeks postpartum	San Bernardino sample	121 mothers	Number of days = 23.00	Number of days = 36.00	Difference = -13.00	Not available	Statistically significant, p = 0.046	footnote101 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test.
Birth weight	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 weeks postpartum	San Bernardin o sample	121 mothers	Mean = 3280430.00	Mean = 3206430.00	Mean difference = 74.00	HomeVEE calculated = 0.04	Statistical significance not reported
Percentage premature	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Intrapartum	San Bernardino sample	121 mothers	Percentage = 0.03	Mean % = 0.08	Mean difference = -0.05	HomeVEE calculated = -0.62	Statistical significance not reported
Total number of days for birth-related infant hospitalization	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 weeks postpartum	San Bernardino sample	121 mothers	Number of days = 91.00	Number of days = 110.00	Difference = -19.00	Not available	Not statistically significant, p = 0.07	footnote101 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test.
Total number of days for infant re-hospitalization during the first 6 weeks of life	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 weeks postpartum	San Bernardino sample	121 mothers	Number of days = 114.00	Number of days = 146.00	Difference = -32.00	Not available	Statistically significant, p = 0.01	footnote101 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test.

Show outcome measure summary

Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Additional days of rehospitalization	The number of additional days an infant was hospitalized beyond birth related hospitalization. Reasons for infant rehospitalization included respiratory difficulties, fever, dehydration, and jaundice.	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Additional days of rehospitalization	Additional days of newborn rehospitalization	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Birth weight	The child’s recorded birth weight in grams	Review of delivery room or nursery records	Not applicable
Birth weight	Weight of the infant at birth	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Percentage premature	Percentage of infants born earlier than 36 weeks gestation	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Percentage premature	Percentage of children that were born at less than 36 weeks gestation	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Total number of days for birth-related infant hospitalization	Total number of days an infant was hospitalization for birth–related issues. This does not include later re–hospitalizations	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Total number of days for birth-related infant hospitalization	Total number of days of birth-related newborn hospitalization	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Total number of days for infant re-hospitalization during the first 6 weeks of life	Total number of days for birth–related infant hospitalization plus additional days of rehospitalization during the first six weeks of life	Review of medical records	Not applicable
Total number of days for infant re-hospitalization during the first 6 weeks of life	Total number of days infants were re-hospitalized during their first six weeks of life	Review of medical records	Not applicable

Findings rated moderate

Koniak-Griffin, D., Anderson, N. L., Brecht, M. L., Verzemnieks, I., Lesser, J., & Kim, S. (2002). Public health nursing care for adolescent mothers: Impact on infant health and selected maternal outcomes at 1 year postbirth. Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 30(1), 44–54.

Early Intervention Program for Adolescent Mothers

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Number of episodes of hospitalizations	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	One year postpartum	San Bernardino sample	102 mothers	Number of episodes = 14.00	Number of episodes = 24.00	Difference = -10.00	Not available	Statistically significant, p =0.03	footnote101 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test.
Number of infant ER visits	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	One year postpartum	San Bernardino sample	102 mothers	Number of visits = 90.00	Number of visits = 80.00	Difference = 10.00	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote102 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Authors report whether the groups are significantly different or not, but do not report actual p-values.
Percentage of children adequately immunized	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	One year postpartum	San Bernardino sample	102 mothers	Percentage = 0.96	Mean % = 0.86	Mean difference = 0.10	HomeVEE calculated = 0.83	Statistically significant, p < 0.05	footnote101 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test.
Percentage of children hospitalized	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	One year postpartum	San Bernardino sample	102 mothers	Percentage = 0.22	Mean % = 0.28	Mean difference = -0.06	HomeVEE calculated = -0.19	Statistical significance not reported
Total number of days of nonbirth-related infant hospitalization	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	One year postpartum	San Bernardino sample	102 mothers	Number of days = 74.00	Number of days = 154.00	Difference = -80.00	Not available	Statistically significant, p < 0.001	footnote101 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test.

Show outcome measure summary

Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Number of episodes of hospitalizations	The total number of child hospitalization episodes during the first year of life.	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 87% of hospitalizations and 68% of ER episodes.	Not applicable
Number of infant ER visits	The total number of child ER visits during the first year of life. Common reasons for ER visits included illnesses, injuries, or accidents	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 87% of hospitalizations and 68% of ER episodes.	Not applicable
Percentage of children adequately immunized	Percentage of children that received three doses of diptheriatetanus–pertussis vaccine and two doses of oral polio vaccine by 12 months of age as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	Review of immunization cards	Not applicable
Percentage of children hospitalized	Percentage of children that were hospitalized during the first year of life	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 87% of hospitalizations and 68% of ER episodes.	Not applicable
Total number of days of nonbirth-related infant hospitalization	Count of the total number of days of nonbirth–related infant hospitalization during the first year of life. Common reasons for hospitalization included respiratory problems, gastrointestinal problems, and fever.	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 87% of hospitalizations and 68% of ER episodes.	Not applicable

Koniak-Griffin, D., Verzemnieks, I. L., Anderson, N. L., Brecht, M. L., Lesser, J., Kim, S., et al. (2003). Nurse visitation for adolescent mothers: Two-year infant health and maternal outcomes. Nursing Research, 52(2), 127–136.

Early Intervention Program for Adolescent Mothers

Show findings details

Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Number of episodes of hospitalization per hospitalized child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Two years postpartum	San Bernardino sample, hospitalized children	28 children	Mean = 1.58	Mean = 2.19	Mean difference = -0.61	HomeVEE calculated = -0.14	Statistical significance not reported
Number of episodes of hospitalizations	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Two years postpartum	San Bernardino sample	101 mothers	Number of episodes = 19.00	Number of episodes = 36.00	Difference = -17.00	Not available	Statistically significant, p =0.002	footnote101 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test.
Percentage never using the ER for child’s health problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Two years postpartum	San Bernardino sample	101 mothers	Percentage = 0.36	Mean % = 0.11	Mean difference = 0.25	HomeVEE calculated = 0.92	Statistically significant, p =0.004	footnote101 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test.
Percentage of children adequately immunized	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Two years postpartum	San Bernardion sample	101 mothers	Percentage = 0.77	Mean % = 0.87	Mean difference = -0.10	HomeVEE calculated = -0.42	Not statistically significant, p > 0.5	footnote105 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 In contrast to the study-reported results, <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p = 0.05). The <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> tests of statistical significance are based on the <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA), to determine statistical significance.
Percentage of children hospitalized	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Two years postpartum	San Bernardino sample	101 mothers	Percentage = 0.21	Mean % = 0.36	Mean difference = -0.15	HomeVEE calculated = -0.45	Statistical significance not reported
Percentage using both ER and hospital	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Two years postpartum	San Bernardino sample	101 mothers	Percentage = 0.21	Mean % = 0.36	Mean difference = -0.15	HomeVEE calculated = -0.45	Statistical significance not reported
Total number of ER visits	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Two years postpartum	San Bernardino sample	101 mothers	Not available	Not available	Not reported	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote102 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Authors report whether the groups are significantly different or not, but do not report actual p-values.
Total number of days for nonbirth-related infant hospitalizations	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Two years postpartum	San Bernardino sample	101 mothers	Number of days = 143.00	Number of days = 211.00	Difference = -68.00	Not available	Statistically significant, p < 0.001	footnote101 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a chi-square test.

Show outcome measure summary

Outcome measure	Outcome measure description	Collection method	Properties	Operations links
Number of episodes of hospitalization per hospitalized child	Count of the number of episodes of hospitalization per hospitalized child during the first 24 months of the child’s life	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 80% of hospitalizations and 61% of ER episodes.	Not applicable
Number of episodes of hospitalizations	Count of the number of episodes of hospitalization during the first 24 months of the child’s life	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 80% of hospitalizations and 61% of ER episodes.	Not applicable
Percentage never using the ER for child’s health problems	Percentage of mothers that had not used emergency room services for their child’s health during the first 24 months of the child’s life	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 80% of hospitalizations and 61% of ER episodes.	Not applicable
Percentage of children adequately immunized	Percentage of children that had received four or more doses of diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis vaccine, three or more doses of poliovirus vaccine, and one or more doses of measles–containing vaccine were received by 24 months of age, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)	Review of medical records orimmunization cards	Not applicable
Percentage of children hospitalized	Percentage of children that had been hospitalized during the first 24 months of the child’s life	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 80% of hospitalizations and 61% of ER episodes.	Not applicable
Percentage using both ER and hospital	Percentage of mothers that had had used both emergency room and hospital services for their child’s health during the first 24 months of the child’s life	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 80% of hospitalizations and 61% of ER episodes.	Not applicable
Total number of ER visits	The total number of child ER visits during the first 24 months of life	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 80% of hospitalizations and 61% of ER episodes.	Not applicable
Total number of days for nonbirth-related infant hospitalizations	Count of the total number of days of nonbirth–related child hospitalization during the first 24 months of life	Parent/caregiver report confirmed by review of medical records for 80% of hospitalizations and 61% of ER episodes.	Not applicable

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