Nurse Family Partnership (NFP)

Effects Shown in Research Positive Parenting Practices Outcomes

Impact Studies Rated High

Olds, D. L., Henderson Jr., C. R., Chamberlin, R., & Tatelbaum, R. (1986). Preventing child abuse and neglect: A randomized trial of nurse home visitation. Pediatrics, 78, 65–78.
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Outcome Effect Sample Timing of Follow-Up Sample Size Program Group Comparison Group Mean Difference or Odds Ratio
 Statistical Significance
 Effect Size
 Outcome Type
Worry or concern (Sum of positive responses for behavioral problems) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 6 months 164 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.61 Adjusted mean = 0.54 MD = 0.07 Statistical significance not reported Not available Secondary
Conflict No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 6 months 164 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.27 Adjusted mean = 0.25 MD = 0.02 Statistical significance not reported Not available Secondary
Yell or scold (number of times last 2 weeks) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 6 months 151 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.56 Adjusted mean = 7.90 MD = -0.34 Statistical significance not reported Not available Secondary
Spank or hit (number of times last 2 weeks) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 6 months 151 mothers Adjusted mean = 1.71 Adjusted mean = 1.09 MD = 0.62 Statistical significance not reported Not available Secondary
HOME (avoidance of restriction and punishment) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 10 months 184 mothers Adjusted mean = 5.77 Adjusted mean = 5.60 MD = 0.17 Statistical significance not reported Not available Primary
HOME (provision of appropriate play materials) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 10 months 195 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.45 Adjusted mean = 7.26 MD = 0.19 Statistical significance not reported Not available Primary
HOME (avoidance of restriction and punishment) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 22 months 171 mothers Adjusted mean = 5.53 Adjusted mean = 6.28 MD = -0.75 Statistical significance not reported Not available Primary
HOME (provision of appropriate play materials) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 22 months 190 mothers Adjusted mean = 8.66 Adjusted mean = 8.65 MD = 0.01 Statistical significance not reported Not available Primary
Worry or concern (Sum of positive responses for behavioral problems) Unfavorable Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 6 months 163 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.83 Adjusted mean = 0.54 MD = 0.29 Statistically significant,
p < 0.05		 Not available Secondary
Conflict No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 6 months 163 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.29 Adjusted mean = 0.25 MD = 0.04 Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05		 Not available Secondary
Yell or scold (number of times last 2 weeks) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 6 months 159 mothers Adjusted mean = 3.99 Adjusted mean = 7.90 MD = -3.91 Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05		 Not available Secondary
Spank or hit (number of times last 2 weeks) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 6 months 159 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.19 Adjusted mean = 1.09 MD = -0.90 Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05		 Not available Secondary
HOME (avoidance of restriction and punishment) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 10 months 191 mothers Adjusted mean = 5.40 Adjusted mean = 5.60 MD = -0.20 Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05		 Not available Primary
HOME (provision of appropriate play materials) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 10 months 201 mothers Adjusted mean = 7.36 Adjusted mean = 7.26 MD = 0.10 Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05		 Not available Primary
HOME (avoidance of restriction and punishment) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 22 months 180 mothers Adjusted mean = 5.82 Adjusted mean = 6.28 MD = -0.46 Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05		 Not available Primary
HOME (provision of appropriate play materials) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 22 months 198 mothers Adjusted mean = 8.68 Adjusted mean = 8.65 MD = 0.03 Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05		 Not available Primary
Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., & Kitzman, H. (1994). Does prenatal and infancy nurse home visitation have enduring effects on qualities of parental caregiving and child health at 25 to 50 months of life? Pediatrics, 93(1), 89–98.
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Outcome Effect Sample Timing of Follow-Up Sample Size Program Group Comparison Group Mean Difference or Odds Ratio
 Statistical Significance
 Effect Size
 Outcome Type
Hazardous exposures observed in home No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 34 months 202 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.23 Adjusted mean = 0.38 MD = -0.15 Statistical significance not reported Not available Primary
HOME inventory (total score) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 34 months 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 38.45 Adjusted mean = 39.03 MD = -0.58 Statistical significance not reported Not available Primary
Hazardous exposures observed in home Favorable Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 34 months 209 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.22 Adjusted mean = 0.38 MD = -0.16 Statistically significant,
p < 0.051		 Not available Primary
HOME inventory (total score) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 34 months 238 mothers Adjusted mean = 39.08 Adjusted mean = 39.03 MD = 0.05 Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05		 Not available Primary
Hazardous exposures observed in home No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 46 months 202 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.31 Adjusted mean = 0.46 MD = -0.15 Statistical significance not reported Not available Primary
HOME inventory (total score) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira) 46 months 227 mothers Adjusted mean = 40.18 Adjusted mean = 39.67 MD = 0.51 Statistical significance not reported Not available Primary
Hazardous exposures observed in home Favorable Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 46 months 209 mothers Adjusted mean = 0.21 Adjusted mean = 0.46 MD = -0.25 Statistically significant,
p < 0.011		 Not available Primary
HOME inventory (total score) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira) 46 months 238 mothers Adjusted mean = 39.66 Adjusted mean = 39.67 MD = -0.01 Not statistically significant,
p ≥ 0.05		 Not available Primary

1 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculation of incidence ratio.

Kitzman, H., Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., Hanks, C., Cole, R., Tatelbaum, R., et al. (1997). Effect of prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses on pregnancy outcomes, childhood injuries, and repeated childbearing. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(8), 644–652.
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Outcome Effect Sample Timing of Follow-Up Sample Size Program Group Comparison Group Mean Difference or Odds Ratio
 Statistical Significance
 Effect Size
 Outcome Type
Beliefs associated with child abuse (AAPI total score) Favorable Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 2 years postpartum 672 mothers Adjusted mean = 98.7 Adjusted mean = 100.5 MD = -1.8 Statistically significant,
p < 0.01		 Not available Primary
HOME (emotional/ cognitive stimulation) Favorable Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 2 years postpartum 675 mothers Adjusted mean = 32.30 Adjusted mean = 30.90 MD = 1.40 Statistically significant,
p < 0.01		 Not available Primary
NCAST Maternal Teaching (total score) No Effect Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) 2 years postpartum 675 mothers Adjusted mean = 36.7 Adjusted mean = 36.5 MD = 0.2 Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05		 Not available Primary
Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., O’Brien, R., Luckey, D. W., Pettitt, L. M., Henderson, C. R., et al. (2002). Home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 110(3), 486. † Results with paraprofessional home visitors.
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Outcome Effect Sample Timing of Follow-Up Sample Size Program Group Comparison Group Mean Difference or Odds Ratio
 Statistical Significance
 Effect Size
 Outcome Type
HOME environment score No Effect Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 21 months 420 mothers Adjusted mean = 37.40 Adjusted mean = 37.10 MD = 0.30 Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05		 Not available Primary
Mother-infant responsive interaction No Effect Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 24 months 392 mothers Adjusted mean = 100.15 Adjusted mean = 98.99 MD = 1.16 Not statistically significant,
p > 0.05		 Not available Primary
Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., Pettitt, L., Luckey, D. W., Holmberg, J., Ng, R. K., et al. (2004). Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: Age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1560-1568. Results with nurse home visitors.
Show Study Effects Details
Outcome Effect Sample Timing of Follow-Up Sample Size Program Group Comparison Group Mean Difference or Odds Ratio
 Statistical Significance
 Effect Size
 Outcome Type
HOME total score No Effect Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 4-year follow-up 408 mothers Adjusted mean = 25.32
SE = 0.23		 Adjusted mean = 25.09
SE = 0.22		 MD = 0.23 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.47		 Study reported = 0.07 Primary
Sensitive/responsive interaction No Effect Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) 4-year follow-up 408 mothers Adjusted mean = 100.51
SE = 0.72		 Adjusted mean = 98.66
SE = 0.69		 MD = 1.85 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.06		 Study reported = 0.18 Primary
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Impact Studies Rated Moderate

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., O’Brien, R., Luckey, D. W., Pettitt, L. M., Henderson, C. R., et al. (2002). Home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 110(3), 486. † Results with nurse home visitors. (Rated moderate for all follow-ups except 21 months.)
Show Study Effects Details
Outcome Effect Sample Timing of Follow-Up Sample Size Program Group Comparison Group Mean Difference or Odds Ratio
 Statistical Significance
 Effect Size
 Outcome Type
HOME environment score No Effect Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) Unknown 406 mothers Adjusted mean = 37.79 Adjusted mean = 37.10 MD = 0.69 Not statistically significant,
p > 0.052		 Not available Primary
Mother-infant responsive interaction Favorable Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver) Unknown1 372 mothers Adjusted mean = 100.31 Adjusted mean = 98.99 MD = 1.32 Statistically significant,
p ≤ 0.05		 Not available Primary

1 The study indicates home environments were rated at 12 and 21 months, however, only one result is presented in the article and the timing is not labeled.

2 Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05).

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., Pettitt, L., Luckey, D. W., Holmberg, J., Ng, R. K., et al. (2004). Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: Age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1560-1568. Results with paraprofessional home visitors.
Show Study Effects Details
Outcome Effect Sample Timing of Follow-Up Sample Size Program Group Comparison Group Mean Difference or Odds Ratio
 Statistical Significance
 Effect Size
 Outcome Type
HOME total score No Effect Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 4-year follow-up 412 mothers Adjusted mean = 25.08
SE = 0.22		 Adjusted mean = 25.09
SE = 0.22		 MD = -0.01 Not statistically significant,
p = 0.96		 Study reported = -0.00 Primary
Sensitive/responsive interaction Favorable Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver) 4-year follow-up 412 mothers Adjusted mean = 100.92
SE = 0.72		 Adjusted mean = 98.66
SE = 0.69		 MD = 2.26 Statistically significant,
p = 0.03		 Study reported = 0.23 Primary
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